The bits and flops of the n-hop multilateration primitive for node localization problems
WSNA '02 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Wireless sensor networks and applications
Robust Positioning Algorithms for Distributed Ad-Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks
ATEC '02 Proceedings of the General Track of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Range-free localization schemes for large scale sensor networks
Proceedings of the 9th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Using proximity and quantized RSS for sensor localization in wireless networks
WSNA '03 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international conference on Wireless sensor networks and applications
Understanding packet delivery performance in dense wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Impact of radio irregularity on wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Ecolocation: a sequence based technique for RF localization in wireless sensor networks
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
EWSN'06 Proceedings of the Third European conference on Wireless Sensor Networks
A probabilistic framework for entire WSN localization using a mobile robot
Robotics and Autonomous Systems
WTS'09 Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Wireless Telecommunications Symposium
EWSN'11 Proceedings of the 8th European conference on Wireless sensor networks
Data delivery scheme for intermittently connected mobile sensor networks
Computer Communications
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Localization using the characteristics of the Radio Frequency (RF) in wireless sensor networks is attractive because the method does not require additional measuring devices, and hence satisfies low cost and low power consumption needs. The range information derived from Received Signal Strength (RSS), which attenuates over the distance and node connectivity, is, however, inaccurate and unpredictable in the real world due to problems caused by sensor motes and the environment of the sensor field. In this paper, through an empirical analysis, we present detailed radio signal properties of the 2.4GHz IEEE 802.15.4 radio module. We also provide the methodology of antenna design and mounting to alleviate the antenna orientation and RSS fluctuation problems, which are key factors that make RF-based ranging irregular in an obstacle-free environment. Our work is differentiated from previous work, which concludes with merely revealing the problems, ignoring them by assumptions, or even limiting the feasibility of RF utilization in localization.