The category concept: an extension to the entity-relationship model
Data & Knowledge Engineering
A logical design methodology for relational databases using the extended entity-relationship model
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Existence assumptions in knowledge representation
Artificial Intelligence - Special issue on knowledge representation
On taxonomic reasoning in conceptual design
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Data & Knowledge Engineering - Special issue on linguistic instruments in knowledge engineering (LIKE)
Maintenance Support for Object-Oriented Programs
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering - Special issue on software maintenance
Formal ontology, conceptual analysis and knowledge representation
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: the role of formal ontology in the information technology
Part-whole relations in object-centered systems: an overview
Data & Knowledge Engineering - Special issue on modeling parts and wholes
Description logics for conceptual data modeling
Logics for databases and information systems
An ontology-based expert system for database design
Data & Knowledge Engineering - Special issue on ER '97
Data abstractions: why and how?
Data & Knowledge Engineering
Understanding semantic relationships
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases
Roles and Dynamic Subclasses: A Modal Logic Approach
ECOOP '94 Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming
Aspects of the taxonomic relation in the biomedical domain
Proceedings of the international conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems - Volume 2001
Towards a consistent logical framework for ontological analysis
Proceedings of the international conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems - Volume 2001
Resolving semantic heterogeneity in schema integration
Proceedings of the international conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems - Volume 2001
Semantic Granularity in Ontology-Driven Geographic Information Systems
Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence
Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence
Designing a top-level ontology of human beings: a multi-perspective approach
Journal of Computer Science and Technology
Mining Information for Functional Genomics
IEEE Intelligent Systems
A Formal Ontology of Properties
EKAW '00 Proceedings of the 12th European Workshop on Knowledge Acquisition, Modeling and Management
A Taxonomy of Granular Partitions
COSIT 2001 Proceedings of the International Conference on Spatial Information Theory: Foundations of Geographic Information Science
A Strategic Level for Scientific Digital Libraries
ICADL '02 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Asian Digital Libraries: Digital Libraries: People, Knowledge, and Technology
Methodologies, tools and languages for building ontologies: where is their meeting point?
Data & Knowledge Engineering
The description logic handbook
Evolutionary document management and retrieval for specialized domains on the web
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Beyond information searching and browsing: acquiring knowledge from digital libraries
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal - Special issue: An Asian digital libraries perspective
Computers in Industry - Special issue: Collaborative environments for concurrent engineering
Observations, measurements and semantic reference spaces
Applied Ontology - Ontological Foundations of Conceptual Modelling
ICCS '08 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Conceptual Structures: Knowledge Visualization and Reasoning
Temporal Constraints in Non-temporal Data Modelling Languages
ER '08 Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling
A Hybrid Method for Integrating Multiple Ontologies
Cybernetics and Systems
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
The role of roles in classifying annotated biomedical text
BioNLP '07 Proceedings of the Workshop on BioNLP 2007: Biological, Translational, and Clinical Language Processing
Towards role-based filtering of disease outbreak reports
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
Distributed reasoning with ontologies and rules in order-sorted logic programming
Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web
IJCAI'05 Proceedings of the 19th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence
Automatic classification of semantic user interface services
Ontology-Driven Software Engineering
An order-sorted quantified modal logic for meta-ontology
TABLEAUX'05 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Automated Reasoning with Analytic Tableaux and Related Methods
Essentialized conceptual structures in ontology modeling
KES'05 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems - Volume Part II
Applied Ontology - Is there Beauty in Ontologies?
Observations, measurements and semantic reference spaces
Applied Ontology - Ontological Foundations of Conceptual Modelling
Integration of legal datasets: from meta-model to implementation
Proceedings of International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services
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Taxonomies based on a partial-ordering relation commonly known as is-a, class inclusion or subsumption have become an important tool in conceptual modeling. A well-formed taxonomy has significant implications for understanding, reuse, and integration, however the intuitive simplicity of taxonomic relations has led to widespread misuse, making clear the need for rigorous analysis techniques. Where previous work has focused largely on the semantics of the is-a relation itself, we concentrate here on the ontological nature of the arguments of this relation, in order to be able to tell whether a single is-a link is ontologically well-founded. For this purpose, we discuss techniques based on the philosophical notions of identity, unity, essence, and dependence, which have been adapted to the needs of information systems design. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques by taking real examples of poorly structured taxonomies, and revealing cases of invalid generalization. The result of the analysis is a cleaner taxonomy that clarifies the modeler's ontological commitments.