IEEE Transactions on Computers
Performance and scalability of EJB applications
OOPSLA '02 Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications
An analytical model for multi-tier internet services and its applications
SIGMETRICS '05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Performance modeling and system management for multi-component online services
NSDI'05 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 2
Dynamic Voltage Scaling in Multitier Web Servers with End-to-End Delay Control
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Modeling and predicting end-to-end response times in multi-tier internet applications
ITC20'07 Proceedings of the 20th international teletraffic conference on Managing traffic performance in converged networks
Modeling CPU energy consumption for energy efficient scheduling
Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Green Computing
ARCS'11 Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Architecture of computing systems
Feedback Green Control for Data Centers Autonomy
UCC '13 Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE/ACM 6th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing
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Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is a well-known technique for gaining energy savings on desktop and laptop computers. However, its use in server settings requires careful consideration of any potential impacts on end-to-end service performance of hosted applications. In this paper, we develop a simple metric called the \frequency gradient" that allows prediction of the impact of changes in processor frequency on the end-to-end transaction response times of multitier applications. We show how frequency gradients can be measured on a running system in a push-button manner without any prior knowledge of application semantics, structure, or configuration settings. Using experimental results, we demonstrate that the frequency gradients provide accurate predictions, and enable end-to-end performance-aware DVFS for mulitier applications.