Handbook of logic in artificial intelligence and logic programming
Satisfiability of equations in free groups is in PSPACE
STOC '00 Proceedings of the thirty-second annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
Evolutionary algorithms for the satisfiability problem
Evolutionary Computation
Application of Lempel-Ziv Encodings to the Solution of Words Equations
ICALP '98 Proceedings of the 25th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming
The Security of Individual RSA Bits
FOCS '98 Proceedings of the 39th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
Satisfiability of Word Equations with Constants is in PSPACE
FOCS '99 Proceedings of the 40th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
An efficient algorithm for solving word equations
Proceedings of the thirty-eighth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
STACS'99 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Theoretical aspects of computer science
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Many regularity properties of strings, like those appearing in hardware specification and verification, can be expressed in terms of word equations. The solvability problem of word equations is NP-hard and the first algorithm to find a solution for a word equation, when this solution exists, was given by Makanin in 1977. The time complexity of Makanin's algorithm is triple exponential in the length of the equations. In this paper we present an evolutionary algorithm with a local search procedure that is efficient for solving word equation systems. The fitness function of our algorithm is based on Levensthein distance considered as metric for the set of 0-1 binary strings. Our experimental results evidence that this metric is better suited for solving word equations than other edit metrics like, for instance, Hamming distance.