IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face Detection in Color Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
An Algorithm for Real-Time Stereo Vision Implementation of Head Pose and Gaze Direction Measurement
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Real-Time, Fully Automatic Upper Facial Feature Tracking
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Illumination normalization using logarithm transforms for face authentication
AVBPA'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Audio- and video-based biometric person authentication
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An efficient and robust method to locate eyes and lip corners under various illumination conditions is presented in this paper. First, a global illumination balance method is presented to compensate for variations in illumination and accentuate facial feature details. Next, a human face is distinguished from background based on Haar-like features. After that, eyes are found based on their intensity characteristics and Haar-like features. The lip region is estimated using the positions and sizes of face and eyes. Then, a novel local illumination balance technique, based on an integral projection analysis, is proposed to correct for the non-uniform illumination in the lip region. Finally, lip corners are detected based on their intensity and geometric characteristics. Encouraging results have been obtained using the proposed method.