Detecting LSB Steganography in Color and Gray-Scale Images
IEEE MultiMedia
An improved sample pairs method for detection of LSB embedding
IH'04 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information Hiding
A general framework for structural steganalysis of LSB replacement
IH'05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Information Hiding
An analysis of empirical PMF based tests for least significant bit image steganography
IH'05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Information Hiding
A new framework of LSB steganalysis of digital media
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing - Part II
Detection of LSB steganography via sample pair analysis
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Detection of hiding in the least significant bit
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing - Part II
Steganalysis for Markov cover data with applications to images
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Derivation of Error Distribution in Least Squares Steganalysis
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Steganalysis of Embedding in Two Least-Significant Bits
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Locating steganographic payload via ws residuals
Proceedings of the 10th ACM workshop on Multimedia and security
Detecting LSB matching by applying calibration technique for difference image
Proceedings of the 10th ACM workshop on Multimedia and security
Steganalysis by subtractive pixel adjacency matrix
Proceedings of the 11th ACM workshop on Multimedia and security
Edge adaptive image steganography based on LSB matching revisited
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Steganalysis by subtractive pixel adjacency matrix
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Quantitative steganalysis of LSB embedding in JPEG domain
Proceedings of the 12th ACM workshop on Multimedia and security
Quantitative structural steganalysis of Jsteg
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Steganalysis of LSB replacement using parity-aware features
IH'12 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Information Hiding
Digital image steganography using universal distortion
Proceedings of the first ACM workshop on Information hiding and multimedia security
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This paper draws together two methodologies for the detection of bit replacement steganography: the principle of maximum likelihood, which is statistically well-founded but has lead to weak detectors in practice, and so-called structural detection, which is sensitive but lacks optimality and can suffer from complicated exposition. The key novelty is to extend structural analysis to include a hypothetical "pre-cover", from which the cover object is imagined to derive. Here, maximum likelihood detection is presented for three structural detectors. Although the algebraic derivation is long, and maximizing the likelihood function difficult in practice, conceptually the new detectors are reasonably simple. Experiments show that the new detectors are the best performers yet, very significantly so in the detection of replacement of multiple bit planes.