JPEG2000-based secure image authentication
MM&Sec '06 Proceedings of the 8th workshop on Multimedia and security
Reliable communication over channels with insertions, deletions, and substitutions
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Robust image-adaptive data hiding using erasure and error correction
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Self-synchronizing robust texel watermarking in gaussian scale-space
Proceedings of the 10th ACM workshop on Multimedia and security
Speech watermarking for analog flat-fading bandpass channels
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
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Hard decisions constitute the major problem in digital watermarking applications, especially when content adaptive embedding methods are used. Soft-decision decoding, on the other hand, has proved to be performance gaining, often realized during forward error correction. But despite this insight, no adaptive watermarking approach integrates the adaptation process into soft decoding, up to now. Further, insertion/deletion errors can occur in a content dependent watermarking system due to hard decisions if data is embedded only in some selected regions of the host signal. This kind of error usually desynchronizes the decoder and disables the correct watermark extraction. In this paper, we work out three fundamental properties of content dependent quantization-based watermarking. We show how the coupling between these properties and common soft-decision forward error correction decoding can be used to build up an overall soft processing watermarking. No pre-distortion has to be used, and hence, the image quality is not degraded. Even adaptation techniques can be used where it is computational infeasible to project a pre-distortion back onto the host image. Afterwards, we describe how to modify a common Viterbi decoder to enable the correction of insertion/deletion errors combined with our new soft decoding approach and hence improve the overall performance.