Communication systems engineering
Communication systems engineering
Digital watermarking
Digital Speech Transmission: Enhancement, Coding And Error Concealment
Digital Speech Transmission: Enhancement, Coding And Error Concealment
Noise robust speech watermarking with bit synchronisation for the aeronautical radio
IH'07 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Information hiding
Speech watermarking for analog flat-fading bandpass channels
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
Noise robust speech watermarking with bit synchronisation for the aeronautical radio
IH'07 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Information hiding
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Analogue amplitude modulation radios are used for air/ ground voice communication between aircraft pilots and controllers. The identification of the aircraft, so far always transmitted verbally, could be embedded as a watermark in the speech signal and thereby prevent safety-critical misunderstandings. The first part of this paper presents an overview on this watermarking application. The second part proposes a speech watermarking algorithm that embeds data in the linear prediction residual of unvoiced narrowband speech at a rate of up to 2 kbit/s. A bit synchroniser is developed which enables the transmission over analogue channels and which reaches the optimal limit within one to two percentage points in terms of raw bit error rate. Simulations show the robustness of the method for the AWGN channel.