Characterizing browsing strategies in the World-Wide Web
Proceedings of the Third International World-Wide Web conference on Technology, tools and applications
Sorting out searching: a user-interface framework for text searches
Communications of the ACM
Patterns of search: analyzing and modeling Web query refinement
UM '99 Proceedings of the seventh international conference on User modeling
Analysis of a very large web search engine query log
ACM SIGIR Forum
A review of web searching studies and a framework for future research
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Using navigation data to improve IR functions in the context of web search
Proceedings of the tenth international conference on Information and knowledge management
Multitasking information seeking and searching processes
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Combining evidence for automatic web session identification
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal - Issues of context in information retrieval
Using terminological feedback for web search refinement: a log-based study
Proceedings of the 26th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in informaion retrieval
Query length in interactive information retrieval
Proceedings of the 26th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in informaion retrieval
Hourly analysis of a very large topically categorized web query log
Proceedings of the 27th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
An analysis of web searching by European AlltheWeb.com users
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
A temporal comparison of AltaVista Web searching: Research Articles
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Seeking and implementing automated assistance during the search process
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Query chains: learning to rank from implicit feedback
Proceedings of the eleventh ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery in data mining
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Relevance for browsing, relevance for searching
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Using temporal patterns of interactions to design effective automated searching assistance
Communications of the ACM - Supporting exploratory search
A study of results overlap and uniqueness among major web search engines
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Web searching on the Vivisimo search engine
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Web Search: Public Searching of the Web (Information Science and Knowledge Management)
Web Search: Public Searching of the Web (Information Science and Knowledge Management)
Web searcher interaction with the Dogpile.com metasearch engine
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Cross-validation of neural network applications for automatic new topic identification
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Application of automatic topic identification on Excite Web search engine data logs
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
How are we searching the World Wide Web? A comparison of nine search engine transaction logs
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal - Special issue: Formal methods for information retrieval
Multitasking during Web search sessions
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal - Special issue: Formal methods for information retrieval
WebKDD 2006: web mining and web usage analysis post-workshop report
ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter
Learning user interests for a session-based personalized search
Proceedings of the second international symposium on Information interaction in context
A study and comparison of multimedia Web searching: 1997–2006
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Towards a graph-based user profile modeling for a session-based personalized search
Knowledge and Information Systems
Evaluating the effectiveness of search task trails
Proceedings of the 21st international conference on World Wide Web
Online multitasking and user engagement
Proceedings of the 22nd ACM international conference on Conference on information & knowledge management
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In this research, we investigate three techniques for defining user sessions on Web search engines. We analyze 2,465,145 interactions from 534,507 Web searchers. We compare three methods for defining sessions using: 1) Internet Protocol address and cookie; 2) Internet Protocol address, cookie, and a temporal limit on intra-session interactions; and 3) Internet Protocol address, cookie, and query reformulation patterns. Research results shows that defining sessions by query reformulation provides the best measure of session identification, with a nearly 95% accuracy. This method also results in an 82% increase in the number of sessions compared to Internet Protocol address and cookie alone. Regardless of the method, mean session length was fewer than three queries and the mean session duration was less than 30 minutes. Implications are that unique sessions may be a better indicator than the common industry metric of unique visitors for measuring search traffic. Results of this research may lead to tools to better support Web searching.