How people revisit web pages: empirical findings and implications for the design of history systems
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: World Wide Web usability
An Empirical Analysis of Web Page Revisitation
HICSS '01 Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences ( HICSS-34)-Volume 5 - Volume 5
Web page revisitation revisited: implications of a long-term click-stream study of browser usage
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Relevance and Impact of Tabbed Browsing Behavior on Web Usage Mining
WI '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence
What is user engagement? A conceptual framework for defining user engagement with technology
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Multitasking during Web search sessions
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal - Special issue: Formal methods for information retrieval
Large scale query log analysis of re-finding
Proceedings of the third ACM international conference on Web search and data mining
Multitasking bar: prototype and evaluation of introducing the task concept into a browser
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A study of tabbed browsing among mozilla firefox users
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Stochastic models for tabbed browsing
Proceedings of the 19th international conference on World wide web
A characterization of online browsing behavior
Proceedings of the 19th international conference on World wide web
How to define searching sessions on web search engines
WebKDD'06 Proceedings of the 8th Knowledge discovery on the web international conference on Advances in web mining and web usage analysis
Parallel browsing behavior on the web
Proceedings of the 21st ACM conference on Hypertext and hypermedia
Identifying task-based sessions in search engine query logs
Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining
Measuring web page revisitation in tabbed browsing
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
"It's simply integral to what I do": enquiries into how the web is weaved into everyday life
Proceedings of the 21st international conference on World Wide Web
UMAP'12 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization
On extracting session data from activity logs
Proceedings of the 5th Annual International Systems and Storage Conference
Absence time and user engagement: evaluating ranking functions
Proceedings of the sixth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining
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Users often access and re-access more than one site during an online session, effectively engaging in multitasking. In this paper, we study the effect of online multitasking on two widely used engagement metrics designed to capture users browsing behavior with a site. Our study is based on browsing data of 2.5M users across 760 sites encompassing diverse types of services such as social media, news and mail. To account for multitasking we need to redefine how user sessions are represented and we need to adapt the metrics under study. We introduce a new representation of user sessions: tree-streams -- as opposed to the commonly used click-streams -- present a more accurate picture of the browsing behavior of a user that includes how users switch between sites (e.g., hyperlinking, teleporting, backpaging). We then discuss a number of insights on multitasking patterns, and show how these help to better understand how users engage with sites. Finally, we define metrics that characterize multitasking during online sessions and show how they provide additional insights to standard engagement metrics.