To search or to explore -- that is the question: a study in mindful engagement
Proceedings of the 20th Australasian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Designing for Habitus and Habitat
Methods for Evaluating Interactive Information Retrieval Systems with Users
Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval
An exploration of user engagement in HCI
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Affective-Aware Virtual Agents and Social Robots
The development and evaluation of a survey to measure user engagement
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Proceedings of the third symposium on Information interaction in context
Supporting semantic navigation
Proceedings of the third symposium on Information interaction in context
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Does 'Letting Go of the Words' Increase Engagement: a traffic study
CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Learning outcome dependency on contemporary ICT in the New Zealand middle school classroom
Proceedings of the 12th Annual Conference of the New Zealand Chapter of the ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
The interaction effects of familiarity, breadth and media usage on web browsing experience
Computers in Human Behavior
INTERACT'11 Proceedings of the 13th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction - Volume Part IV
Towards an engaging e-reading experience
Proceedings of the 4th ACM workshop on Online books, complementary social media and crowdsourcing
Understanding playability and motivational needs in human computation games
ICADL'11 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Asia-pacific digital libraries: for cultural heritage, knowledge dissemination, and future creation
The Influence of Personal and Social-Interactive Engagement in Social TV Web Sites
International Journal of Electronic Commerce
Review: Engagement in digital entertainment games: A systematic review
Computers in Human Behavior
The effect of links on networked user engagement
Proceedings of the 21st international conference companion on World Wide Web
Proceedings of the 12th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital Libraries
Integrating learning, problem solving, and engagement in narrative-centered learning environments
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education - Special issue on Best of ITS 2010
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies
The role of sub-problems: supporting problem solving in narrative-centered learning environments
ITS'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Internet health search: When process complements goals
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
A Management Perspective on the Failure of IS&T Projects
International Journal of Information Technology Project Management
International Journal of Virtual and Personal Learning Environments
Experience beyond knowledge: Pragmatic e-learning systems design with learning experience
Computers in Human Behavior
Comparing four technologies for measuring postural micromovements during monitor engagement
Proceedings of the 30th European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics
Principles for human-centred design of IR interfaces
PROMISE'12 Proceedings of the 2012 international conference on Information Retrieval Meets Information Visualization
Human-Computer interaction view on information retrieval evaluation
PROMISE'12 Proceedings of the 2012 international conference on Information Retrieval Meets Information Visualization
CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Steering user behavior with badges
Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on World Wide Web
Examining the generalizability of the User Engagement Scale (UES) in exploratory search
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Online multitasking and user engagement
Proceedings of the 22nd ACM international conference on Conference on information & knowledge management
Proceedings of the 1st workshop on User engagement optimization
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Measuring engagement in video game-based environments: Investigation of the User Engagement Scale
Computers in Human Behavior
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The purpose of this article is to critically deconstruct the term engagement as it applies to peoples' experiences with technology. Through an extensive, critical multidisciplinary literature review and exploratory study of users of Web searching, online shopping, Webcasting, and gaming applications, we conceptually and operationally defined engagement. Building on past research, we conducted semistructured interviews with the users of four applications to explore their perception of being engaged with the technology. Results indicate that engagement is a process comprised of four distinct stages: point of engagement, period of sustained engagement, disengagement, and reengagement. Furthermore, the process is characterized by attributes of engagement that pertain to the user, the system, and user-system interaction. We also found evidence of the factors that contribute to nonengagement. Emerging from this research is a definition of engagement—a term not defined consistently in past work—as a quality of user experience characterized by attributes of challenge, positive affect, endurability, aesthetic and sensory appeal, attention, feedback, variety-novelty, interactivity, and perceived user control. This exploratory work provides the foundation for future work to test the conceptual model in various application areas, and to develop methods to measure engaging user experiences. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.