Applied multivariate statistical analysis
Applied multivariate statistical analysis
Probability Estimates for Multi-class Classification by Pairwise Coupling
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
Automatic mood detection and tracking of music audio signals
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
Toward intelligent music information retrieval
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Interactive content presentation based on expressed emotion and physiological feedback
MM '08 Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Multimedia
MIR '08 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international conference on Multimedia information retrieval
Emotion-based music visualization using photos
MMM'08 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Advances in multimedia modeling
Machine Recognition of Music Emotion: A Review
ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST)
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An approach is proposed to estimate the emotional probability distribution of a novel music emotion model based on the updated Hevner's 8 emotion groups. Possible application includes browsing and mixing music with different emotion distributions. It is based on ground truths collected for 200 30-s clips (subdivided into 1200 segments further) chosen from soundtrack and labeled by 328 subjects online. Averagely, there are 28.2 valid emotional labeling events per clip, and constructing a probability distribution. Next, 88 musical features were extracted by 4 existing programs. The most discriminative 29 features were selected out by the pair-wise F-score comparison. The resultant 1200 segments were randomly separated into 600 training and 600 testing data, and input to SVM to estimate an 8-class probability distribution. They are finally evaluated by cosine, intersection, and quadratic similarity with the ground truth, where the quadratic metric achieves the best 87.3% ± 12.3% similarity.