Machine Learning
System identification (2nd ed.): theory for the user
System identification (2nd ed.): theory for the user
Probabilistic latent semantic indexing
Proceedings of the 22nd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Machine learning in automated text categorization
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Toward Machine Emotional Intelligence: Analysis of Affective Physiological State
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence - Graph Algorithms and Computer Vision
Popular music retrieval by detecting mood
Proceedings of the 26th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in informaion retrieval
Pattern Classification (2nd Edition)
Pattern Classification (2nd Edition)
Convex Optimization
RCV1: A New Benchmark Collection for Text Categorization Research
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
Content-based music structure analysis with applications to music semantics understanding
Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Dynamic response: real-time adaptation for music emotion
Proceedings of the second Australasian conference on Interactive entertainment
Content-based multimedia information retrieval: State of the art and challenges
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
Neural Computation
Towards efficient automated singer identification in large music databases
SIGIR '06 Proceedings of the 29th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning (Adaptive Computation and Machine Learning)
Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning (Adaptive Computation and Machine Learning)
Lifetrak: music in tune with your life
Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Human-centered multimedia
MULTIMEDIA '06 Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Music emotion classification: a fuzzy approach
MULTIMEDIA '06 Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Human-centered computing: a multimedia perspective
MULTIMEDIA '06 Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
ML-KNN: A lazy learning approach to multi-label learning
Pattern Recognition
Sound onset detection by applying psychoacoustic knowledge
ICASSP '99 Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 06
Music emotion recognition: the role of individuality
Proceedings of the international workshop on Human-centered multimedia
Singing voice detection using perceptually-motivated features
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Multimedia
MusicSense: contextual music recommendation using emotional allocation modeling
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Multimedia
Swipe: a sawtooth waveform inspired pitch estimator for speech and music
Swipe: a sawtooth waveform inspired pitch estimator for speech and music
Tango or Waltz?: putting ballroom dance style into tempo detection
EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing - Intelligent Audio, Speech, and Music Processing Applications
Quantify music artist similarity based on style and mood
Proceedings of the 10th ACM workshop on Web information and data management
i.MTV: an integrated system for mtv affective analysis
MM '08 Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Mr. Emo: music retrieval in the emotion plane
MM '08 Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Interactive content presentation based on expressed emotion and physiological feedback
MM '08 Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Multimedia
MIR '08 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international conference on Multimedia information retrieval
Emotion Recognition Based on Physiological Changes in Music Listening
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Multimodal Music Mood Classification Using Audio and Lyrics
ICMLA '08 Proceedings of the 2008 Seventh International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications
Toward Multi-modal Music Emotion Classification
PCM '08 Proceedings of the 9th Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia: Advances in Multimedia Information Processing
Personalized music emotion recognition
Proceedings of the 32nd international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
ICASSP '09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing
A dimensional approach to emotion recognition of speech from movies
ICASSP '09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Exploiting genre for music emotion classification
ICME'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Multimedia and Expo
Feature selection for content-based, time-varying musical emotion regression
Proceedings of the international conference on Multimedia information retrieval
Emotion-based music visualization using photos
MMM'08 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Advances in multimedia modeling
Probabilistic estimation of a novel music emotion model
MMM'08 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Advances in multimedia modeling
Utilizing affective analysis for efficient movie browsing
ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
Improving music emotion labeling using human computation
Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD Workshop on Human Computation
Determination of nonprototypical valence and arousal in popular music: features and performances
EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing - Special issue on scalable audio-content analysis
LIBSVM: A library for support vector machines
ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST)
Music Emotion Recognition
Building a personalized music emotion prediction system
PCM'06 Proceedings of the 7th Pacific Rim conference on Advances in Multimedia Information Processing
Multimodal human computer interaction: a survey
ICCV'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Computer Vision in Human-Computer Interaction
Towards extracting emotions from music
IMTCI'04 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Intelligent Media Technology for Communicative Intelligence
Ranking-Based Emotion Recognition for Music Organization and Retrieval
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
Exploring Vibrato-Motivated Acoustic Features for Singer Identification
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
Normalized Cuts for Predominant Melodic Source Separation
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
Semantic Annotation and Retrieval of Music and Sound Effects
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
A Regression Approach to Music Emotion Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
Automatic mood detection and tracking of music audio signals
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
Affective video content representation and modeling
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Affective Level Video Segmentation by Utilizing the Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance Information
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
A real-time automated system for the recognition of human facial expressions
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Modeling emotional content of music using system identification
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Affective understanding in film
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Prediction of the Distribution of Perceived Music Emotions Using Discrete Samples
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
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The proliferation of MP3 players and the exploding amount of digital music content call for novel ways of music organization and retrieval to meet the ever-increasing demand for easy and effective information access. As almost every music piece is created to convey emotion, music organization and retrieval by emotion is a reasonable way of accessing music information. A good deal of effort has been made in the music information retrieval community to train a machine to automatically recognize the emotion of a music signal. A central issue of machine recognition of music emotion is the conceptualization of emotion and the associated emotion taxonomy. Different viewpoints on this issue have led to the proposal of different ways of emotion annotation, model training, and result visualization. This article provides a comprehensive review of the methods that have been proposed for music emotion recognition. Moreover, as music emotion recognition is still in its infancy, there are many open issues. We review the solutions that have been proposed to address these issues and conclude with suggestions for further research.