Non-volatile memory for fast, reliable file systems
ASPLOS V Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
The Rio file cache: surviving operating system crashes
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Managing energy and server resources in hosting centers
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Model-based resource provisioning in a web service utility
USITS'03 Proceedings of the 4th conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 4
Exploiting non-volatile RAM to enhance flash file system performance
EMSOFT '07 Proceedings of the 7th ACM & IEEE international conference on Embedded software
ATC'07 2007 USENIX Annual Technical Conference on Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Energy-aware server provisioning and load dispatching for connection-intensive internet services
NSDI'08 Proceedings of the 5th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation
Storage-class memory: the next storage system technology
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Overview of candidate device technologies for storage-class memory
IBM Journal of Research and Development
PowerNap: eliminating server idle power
Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Architecting phase change memory as a scalable dram alternative
Proceedings of the 36th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
A durable and energy efficient main memory using phase change memory technology
Proceedings of the 36th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Scalable high performance main memory system using phase-change memory technology
Proceedings of the 36th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Better I/O through byte-addressable, persistent memory
Proceedings of the ACM SIGOPS 22nd symposium on Operating systems principles
The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machines
The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machines
Operating system support for NVM+DRAM hybrid main memory
HotOS'09 Proceedings of the 12th conference on Hot topics in operating systems
Universal optical multi-drop bus for heterogeneous memory architecture
Proceedings of the 8th ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers
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Studies have shown much of today's data centers are over-provisioned and underutilized. Over-provisioning cannot be avoided as these centers must anticipate peak load with bursty behavior. Under-utilization, to date, has also been unavoidable as systems always had to be ready for that sudden burst of requests that loom just around the corner. Previous research has pointed to turning off systems as one solution, albeit, an infeasible one due to its irresponsiveness. In this paper, we present the feasibility of using new Storage Class Memory (SCM, which encompasses specific developments such as PCM, MRAM, or FeRAM) technology to turn systems on and off with minimum overhead. This feature is used to control systems on the whole (in comparison to previous fine-grained component-wise control) in finer time scale for high responsiveness with minimized power lost to idleness. Our empirical study is done by executing "real trace"-like workloads on a prototype "data center" of embedded systems deploying FeRAM. We quantify the energy savings and performance trade-off by turning idle systems off. We show that our energy savings approach consumes energy in proportion to user requests with configurable service of quality. Based on observations made on this data center, we discuss the requirements for real deployment. Finally, our conclusion is that SCM should not be viewed as just a replacement of RAM, but rather, as a component that could potentially open a whole new field of applications.