Towards a standard upper ontology
Proceedings of the international conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems - Volume 2001
An Information-Theoretic Definition of Similarity
ICML '98 Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Machine Learning
Pictogram retrieval based on collective semantics
HCI'07 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human-computer interaction: intelligent multimodal interaction environments
Design and development of a pictogram communication system for children around the world
IWIC'07 Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Intercultural collaboration
Culturally-situated pictogram retrieval
IWIC'07 Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Intercultural collaboration
Augmenting navigation for collaborative tagging with emergent semantics
ISWC'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on The Semantic Web
Human detection of cultural differences in pictogram interpretations
Proceedings of the 2009 international workshop on Intercultural collaboration
Assisting Pictogram Selection with Categorized Semantics
IEICE - Transactions on Information and Systems
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Participants at both end of the communication channel must share common pictogram interpretation to communicate. However, because pictogram interpretation can be ambiguous, pictogram communication can sometimes be difficult. To assist human task of selecting pictograms more likely to be interpreted as intended, we propose a semantic relevance measure which calculates how relevant a pictogram is to a given interpretation. The proposed measure uses pictogram interpretations and frequencies gathered from a web survey to define probability and similarity measurement of interpretation words. Moreover, the proposed measure is applied to categorized pictogram interpretations to enhance retrieval performance. Five pictogram categories are created using the five first level categories defined in the Concept Dictionary of EDR Electronic Dictionary. Retrieval performance among not-categorized interpretations, categorized and not-weighted interpretations, and categorized and weighted interpretations using semantic relevance measure were compared, and the categorized and weighted semantic relevance retrieval approach exhibited the highest F1 measure and recall.