Automating the design of graphical presentations of relational information
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
A Model of Saliency-Based Visual Attention for Rapid Scene Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Semiology of graphics
The Distance-Similarity Metaphor in Region-Display Spatializations
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Visual exploration of eye movement data using the space-time-cube
GIScience'10 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Geographic information science
Visualization of multi-domain ranked data
Search computing
How do decision time and realism affect map-based decision making?
COSIT'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Spatial information theory
Managing uncertainty in integrated environmental modelling: The UncertWeb framework
Environmental Modelling & Software
Extending search to crowds: a model-driven approach
Search Computing
Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on MapInteraction
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We propose an empirical, perception-based evaluation approach for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of longstanding cartographic design principles applied to 2D map displays. The approach includes bottom-up visual saliency models that are compared with eye-movement data collected in human-subject experiments on map stimuli embedded in the so-called flicker paradigm. The proposed methods are applied to the assessment of four commonly used visual variables for designing 2D maps: size, color value, color hue, and orientation. The empirical results suggest that the visual variable size is the most efficient (fastest) and most effective (accurate) visual variable to detect change under flicker conditions. The visual variable orientation proved to be the least efficient and effective of the tested visual variables. These empirical results shed new light on the implied ranking of the visual variables that have been proposed over 40 years ago. With the presented approach we hope to provide cartographers, GIScientists and visualization designers a systematic assessment method to develop effective and efficient geovisualization displays.