Wireless sensor networks for habitat monitoring
WSNA '02 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Wireless sensor networks and applications
An adaptive energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Energy-efficient collision-free medium access control for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
A Realtime Dynamic Traffic Control System Based on Wireless Sensor Network
ICPPW '05 Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops
Sensor networks for medical care
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
HealthGear: A Real-time Wearable System for Monitoring and Analyzing Physiological Signals
BSN '06 Proceedings of the International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Towards optimal sleep scheduling in sensor networks for rare-event detection
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Heartbeat driven medium access control for body sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGMOBILE international workshop on Systems and networking support for healthcare and assisted living environments
Wireless Sensor Networks for Home Health Care
AINAW '07 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops - Volume 02
An energy-efficient real-time routing protocol for sensor networks
Computer Communications
Distributed energy management algorithm for large-scale wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 8th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
Scriptable sensor network based home-automation
EUC'07 Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Emerging direction in embedded and ubiquitous computing
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To save their energy, sensors spent most of their life in sleeping mode waking up for short intervals to achieve any required tasks. While performing their sensing and communicational obligations to the network and due to the random nature of sleep and awake cycles, sensors are usually assigned different workloads which in turn consume their energy unevenly. Eventually, the energy of those heavily loaded sensors will be totally depleted. This results in reducing network density around those sensors and creates energy holes that isolate the network into disconnected islands. These problems have their negative impacts on network durability and reliability. To avoid these problems, we propose and evaluate a distributed protocol that adjusts sensor sleep and wake up times based on the relative differences between sensor energy and the energy of surrounding sensors. Using simulation, we first show that during network lifetime, variations in sensors energy can be very large compared to what can be achieved using our proposed protocol. In addition to this, we show the impact of these variations on the network lifetime measured in terms of the number of tasks the network can perform till the network density goes below certain threshold.