PSFQ: a reliable transport protocol for wireless sensor networks
WSNA '02 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Wireless sensor networks and applications
A Markov-based channel model algorithm for wireless networks
Wireless Networks
ESRT: event-to-sink reliable transport in wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 4th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
A scalable approach for reliable downstream data delivery in wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 5th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
Reliable bursty convergecast in wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 6th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
PORT: A Price-Oriented Reliable Transport Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
ISSRE '05 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering
Markov and multifractal wavelet models for wireless MAC-to-MAC channels
Performance Evaluation
On Modeling the Reliability of Data Transport in Wireless Sensor Networks
PDP '07 Proceedings of the 15th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing
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In multihop wireless networks, hop-by-hop reliability is generally achieved through positive acknowledgments at the MAC layer. However, positive acknowledgments introduce significant energy inefficiencies on battery-constrained devices. This inefficiency becomes particularly significant on high error rate channels. We propose to reduce the energy consumption during retransmissions using a novel protocol that localizes bit-errors at the MAC layer. The proposed protocol, referred to as Selective Retransmission using Virtual Fragmentation (SRVF), requires simple modifications to the positive-ACK-based reliability mechanism but provides substantial improvements in energy efficiency. The main premise of the protocol is to localize bit-errors by performing partial checksums on disjoint parts or virtual fragments of a packet. In case of error, only the corrupted virtual fragments are retransmitted. We develop stochastic models of the Simple Positive-ACK-based reliability, the previously-proposed Packet Length Optimization (PLO) protocol, and the SRVF protocol operating over an arbitrary-order Markov wireless channel. Our analytical models show that SRVF provides significant theoretical improvements in energy efficiency over existing protocols. We then use biterror traces collected over different real networks to empirically compare the proposed and existing protocols. These experimental results further substantiate that SRVF provides considerably better energy efficiency than Simple Positive-ACK and Packet Length Optimization protocols.