IBM Systems Journal
Handbook of Applied Cryptography
Handbook of Applied Cryptography
Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Information Hiding
Speech Processing in the Auditory System
Speech Processing in the Auditory System
New echo embedding technique for robust and imperceptible audio watermarking
ICASSP '01 Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 03
Robust spread-spectrum audio watermarking
ICASSP '01 Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 03
Time-spread echo method for digital audio watermarking
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Audio watermarking techniques using sinusoidal patterns based on pseudorandom sequences
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
A novel echo-hiding scheme with backward and forward kernels
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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This paper deals with the problem of digital audio watermarking using echo hiding. Compared to many other methods for audio watermarking, echo hiding techniques exhibit advantages in terms of relatively simple encoding and decoding, and robustness against common attacks. The low security issue existing in most echo hiding techniques is overcome in the time-spread echo method by using pseudonoise (PN) sequence as a secret key. In this paper, we propose a novel sequence, in conjunction with a new decoding function, to improve the imperceptibility and the robustness of time-spread echo based audio watermarking. Theoretical analysis and simulation examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed sequence and decoding function.