Affordance, conventions, and design
interactions
Coordinating User Interfaces for Consistency
Coordinating User Interfaces for Consistency
Viewpoint: Intuitive equals familiar
Communications of the ACM
Breaking affordance: culture as context
Proceedings of the third Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction
Interface changes causing accidents: an empirical study of negative transfer
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services
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Although there is a debate about whether designers should draw a distinction between perceptual affordances and cultural conventions, there are few behavioral studies. We examined the impact of working memory load and expected button-to-action mapping congruency on affordances and conventions. The findings suggest both sides of the debate are correct. Learned conventions were found to structure responses towards expected actions, just like affordances, but affordance-based interactions were not affected by memory load while convention-based actions were. Therefore, designers ought to employ perceptual affordances when possible and when not feasible they ought to reuse established conventions. Additionally, evidence is presented that violating expected affordance-based and convention-based button-to-action mappings caused a similar performance cost. We believe that after the initial learning period, conventions play a critical role in the perception of a design's available actions just as perceptual affordances do.