Communications of the ACM
Analysis and simulation of a fair queueing algorithm
SIGCOMM '89 Symposium proceedings on Communications architectures & protocols
Decay-usage scheduling in multiprocessors
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Proceedings of the seventeenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Analysis of SRPT scheduling: investigating unfairness
Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Understanding the Linux Kernel
Understanding the Linux Kernel
Achieving Service Rate Objectives with Decay Usage Scheduling
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Virtual-Time Round-Robin: An O(1) Proportional Share Scheduler
Proceedings of the General Track: 2002 USENIX Annual Technical Conference
A Microeconomic Scheduler for Parallel Computers
IPPS '95 Proceedings of the Workshop on Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing
Size-based scheduling to improve web performance
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Effects of clock resolution on the scheduling of interactive and soft real-time processes
SIGMETRICS '03 Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
VSched: Mixing Batch And Interactive Virtual Machines Using Periodic Real-time Scheduling
SC '05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing
Web servers under overload: How scheduling can help
ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT)
Process prioritization using output production: Scheduling for multimedia
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
Surplus fair scheduling: a proportional-share CPU scheduling algorithm for symmetric multiprocessors
OSDI'00 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Symposium on Operating System Design & Implementation - Volume 4
Xen and co.: communication-aware CPU scheduling for consolidated xen-based hosting platforms
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Virtual execution environments
Lottery scheduling: flexible proportional-share resource management
OSDI '94 Proceedings of the 1st USENIX conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation
Towards Scheduling Virtual Machines Based On Direct User Input
VTDC '06 Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Virtualization Technology in Distributed Computing
Scheduling I/O in virtual machine monitors
Proceedings of the fourth ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS international conference on Virtual execution environments
Professional Linux Kernel Architecture
Professional Linux Kernel Architecture
A global scheduling framework for virtualization environments
IPDPS '09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Parallel&Distributed Processing
Proportional differentiation: a scalable QoS approach
IEEE Communications Magazine
No justified complaints: on fair sharing of multiple resources
Proceedings of the 3rd Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference
On-line fair allocations based on bottlenecks and global priorities
Proceedings of the 4th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering
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Virtual machine monitors, especially when used for server consolidation, need to enforce a predefined sharing of resources among the running virtual machines. We propose a new mechanism for doing so that provides improved pacing in the face of heterogeneous allocations and priorities. This mechanism lends from token-bucket metering and from virtual-time scheduling, and prioritizes the different clients based on the divergence between their desired allocations and the actual consumptions. The ideas are demonstrated by implementations for the CPU and networking subsystems of the Linux kernel. Notably, both use exactly the same basic module; future plans include using it for disk I/O as well.