SIP Call Setup Delay in 3G Networks
ISCC '02 Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC'02)
Large-Scale RTT Measurements from an Operational UMTS/GPRS Network
WICON '05 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Wireless Internet
Generic access network emulation for NGN testbeds
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Testbeds and research infrastructures for the development of networks & communities
A Generic Approach to Access Network Modeling for Next Generation Network Applications
ICNS '08 Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Networking and Services
Dissecting 3G uplink delay by measuring in an operational HSPA network
PAM'11 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Passive and active measurement
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The accurateness of round-trip- and one way delay measurements for 2G and 3G networks rely to a much larger extent on employing a sound methodological framework than this is the case for other types of networks. Typical mobile access networks differ significantly from core networks, most prominently with respect to delay. In this paper we present payload-dependent delay measurement results for public 2G and 3G networks which illustrate that accurate IP-layer delay measurements in mobile networks must use high sample counts and randomness in start times for uplink and for downlink. Most notably this concerns ICMP round-trip delay measurements which, due to the synchronization of ICMP requests with the network clock when leaving the mobile network's uplink, fail to meet the random start time criterion for ICMP replies in the downlink (or vice-versa). This synchronization effect leads to significant clustering of one-way delay values for the reply leg and causes minor delay differences in the core network to have potential significant impact on ICMP round-trip delays. Therefore, highly accurate simulations and emulations must model uplink and downlink of time-slotted networks as two interrelated links based on a common timebase.