QoS optimization for thermal-aware cyber-physical systems
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM Symposium on Research in Applied Computation
Feedback thermal control of real-time systems on multicore processors
Proceedings of the tenth ACM international conference on Embedded software
A survey and taxonomy of on-chip monitoring of multicore systems-on-chip
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
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Thermal control is crucial to real-time systems as excessive processor temperature can cause system failure or unacceptable performance degradation due to hardware throttling. Real-time systems face significant challenges in thermal management as they must avoid processor overheating while still delivering desired real-time performance. Furthermore, many real-time systems must handle a broad range of uncertainties in system and environmental conditions. To address these challenges, this paper presents Thermal Control under Utilization Bound (TCUB), a novel thermal control algorithm specifically designed for real-time systems. TCUB employs a nested feedback loop that dynamically controls both processor temperature and CPU utilization through task rate adaptation. Rigorously modeled and designed based on controltheory, TCUB can maintain both desired processor temperature and CPU utilization, thereby avoiding processor overheating and maintaining desired soft real-time performance. A salient feature of TCUB lies onits capability to handle a broad range of uncertainties in terms of processor power consumption, task execution times, ambient temperature, and unexpected thermal faults. The robustness of TCUB makes it particularly suitable for real-time embedded systems that must operate in highly unpredictable environments. The advantages of TCUB are demonstrated through extensive simulations under a broad range of system and environmental uncertainties.