Wireless sensor networks: a new regime for time synchronization
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Lightweight time synchronization for sensor networks
WSNA '03 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international conference on Wireless sensor networks and applications
Timing-sync protocol for sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Performance Study of Node Placement in Sensor Networks
ICDCSW '04 Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops - W7: EC (ICDCSW'04) - Volume 7
The flooding time synchronization protocol
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts
OSDI '02 Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementationCopyright restrictions prevent ACM from being able to make the PDFs for this conference available for downloading
Networking Wireless Sensors
Relay node placement in large scale wireless sensor networks
Computer Communications
GENSEN: a topology generator for real wireless sensor networks deployment
SEUS'07 Proceedings of the 5th IFIP WG 10.2 international conference on Software technologies for embedded and ubiquitous systems
Energy efficient sink node placement in sensor networks using particle swarm optimization
ANTS'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Ant Colony Optimization and Swarm Intelligence
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Time synchronization is a critical piece of infrastructure in any wireless sensor network. Time synchronizing nodes are nodes which are responsible for propagating time in the network. Other nodes in the network synchronize themselves with respect to the synchronizing nodes. For various reasons, it is desirable that the number of such nodes is minimized. In this paper, we consider selection of time synchronizing nodes for two protocols viz. a protocol that helps propagate absolute time in the network and another protocol that provides nodes with local relative timescales. We show that the problem of selection of minimum number of time synchronizing nodes for the two protocols is NP-Complete. We then consider selecting time synchronizing nodes for one of the two protocols, Reference Broadcast Synchronization (RBS) protocol, present simulation results. We further present a fault tolerant selection of synchronizing nodes for RBS.