GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Wireless sensor networks: a survey
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Geographic routing without location information
Proceedings of the 9th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Distributed localization in wireless sensor networks: a quantitative comparison
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking - Special issue: Wireless sensor networks
Robust distributed network localization with noisy range measurements
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Triangulation and Embedding Using Small Sets of Beacons
FOCS '04 Proceedings of the 45th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
Localization and routing in sensor networks by local angle information
Proceedings of the 6th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
The Lighthouse Location System for Smart Dust
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Mobile systems, applications and services
Theory of semidefinite programming for Sensor Network Localization
Mathematical Programming: Series A and B
An algorithmic approach to geographic routing in ad hoc and sensor networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Efficient binary schemes for training heterogeneous sensor and actor networks
Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Heterogeneous sensor and actor networks
Early Obstacle Detection and Avoidance for All to All Traffic Pattern in Wireless Sensor Networks
Algorithmic Aspects of Wireless Sensor Networks
Simple and efficient geographic routing around obstacles for wireless sensor networks
WEA'07 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Experimental algorithms
Asynchronous training in wireless sensor networks
ALGOSENSORS'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Algorithmic aspects of wireless sensor networks
Positioning in ad hoc sensor networks
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
Virtual raw anchor coordinates: a new localization paradigm
ALGOSENSORS'10 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Algorithms for sensor systems, wireless adhoc networks, and autonomous mobile entities
Virtual raw anchor coordinates: A new localization paradigm
Theoretical Computer Science
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Geographic routing has been widely recognized as one of the most efficient approach to generally scalable wireless routing. However, in order to use geographic routing algorithms, nodes must be localized with Euclidean coordinates. Current localization techniques are dependent either on expensive hardware (e.g. GPS) or on costly virtual localization and this is a problem in sensor networks where resources are scarce. In this paper we directly use the raw distance to a set of anchors to route messages in a multi-dimensional space. This original approach enables us to completely bypass the localization phase while retaining useful geographic properties of the network. To prove this concept, we implemented two typical geographic routing algorithms using both traditional coordinates and multidimensional raw anchor coordinates. Simulation results show that using only the raw coordinates does not decrease routing efficiency.