On Image Analysis by the Methods of Moments
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Invariant Image Recognition by Zernike Moments
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Orthogonal Moment Features for Use With Parametric and Non-Parametric Classifiers
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Coding Facial Expressions with Gabor Wavelets
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
Comprehensive Database for Facial Expression Analysis
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Pattern Classification (2nd Edition)
Pattern Classification (2nd Edition)
Digital Image Processing (3rd Edition)
Digital Image Processing (3rd Edition)
A Comparative Study on Region-Based Moments for Facial Expression Recognition
CISP '08 Proceedings of the 2008 Congress on Image and Signal Processing, Vol. 2 - Volume 02
Invariant image watermark using Zernike moments
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Discriminative Zernike and Pseudo Zernike Moments for Face Recognition
International Journal of Computer Vision and Image Processing
Modelling and Simulation in Engineering
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Automatic facial expression recognition (FER) is a sub-area of face analysis research that is based heavily on methods of computer vision, machine learning, and image processing. This study proposes a rotation and noise invariant FER system using an orthogonal invariant moment, namely, Zernike moments (ZM) as a feature extractor and Naive Bayesian (NB) classifier. The system is fully automatic and can recognize seven different expressions. Illumination condition, pose, rotation, noise and others changing in the image are challenging task in pattern recognition system. Simulation results on different databases indicated that higher order ZM features are robust in images that are affected by noise and rotation, whereas the computational rate for feature extraction is lower than other methods.