Fault tolerance in distributed systems
Fault tolerance in distributed systems
The art of computer programming, volume 3: (2nd ed.) sorting and searching
The art of computer programming, volume 3: (2nd ed.) sorting and searching
Communications of the ACM
Self-stabilizing systems in spite of distributed control
Communications of the ACM
Entropy and self-organization in multi-agent systems
Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Autonomous agents
The Vision of Autonomic Computing
Computer
A Generalisable Measure of Self-Organisation and Emergence
ICANN '01 Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks
Flexibility measurement of domain-specific reconfigurable hardware
FPGA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM/SIGDA 12th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Ant Colony Optimization
Organic Computing - A New Vision for Distributed Embedded Systems
ISORC '05 Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing
ICAC '05 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Automatic Computing
Organic Computing - Addressing Complexity by Controlled Self-Organization
ISOLA '06 Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation
Organic Control of Traffic Lights
ATC '08 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Autonomic and Trusted Computing
Measurement and control of self-organised behaviour in robot swarms
ARCS'07 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Architecture of computing systems
Using organic computing to control bunching effects
ARCS'08 Proceedings of the 21st international conference on Architecture of computing systems
Emergence in organic computing systems: discussion of a controversial concept
ATC'06 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Autonomic and Trusted Computing
Environments for multiagent systems state-of-the-art and research challenges
E4MAS'04 Proceedings of the First international conference on Environments for Multi-Agent Systems
Emergence versus self-organisation: different concepts but promising when combined
Engineering Self-Organising Systems
Editorial: Special issue on organic computing
ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems (TAAS)
Organic smart home: architecture for energy management in intelligent buildings
Proceedings of the 2011 workshop on Organic computing
HPobSAM for modeling and analyzing IT Ecosystems - Through a case study
Journal of Systems and Software
A survey and taxonomy of on-chip monitoring of multicore systems-on-chip
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
Upgradation of business applications with autonomic computing
Proceedings of the 6th ACM India Computing Convention
Controlled and self-organized routing for large-scale wireless sensor networks
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
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Organic Computing (OC) and other research initiatives like Autonomic Computing or Proactive Computing have developed the vision of systems possessing life-like properties: they self-organize, adapt to their dynamically changing environments, and establish other so-called self-x properties, like self-healing, self-configuration, self-optimization, etc. What we are searching for in OC are methodologies and concepts for systems that allow to cope with increasingly complex networked application systems by introduction of self-x properties and at the same time guarantee a trustworthy and adaptive response to externally provided system objectives and control actions. Therefore, in OC, we talk about controlled self-organization. Although the terms self-organization and adaptivity have been discussed for years, we miss a clear definition of self-organization in most publications, which have a technically motivated background. In this article, we briefly summarize the state of the art and suggest a characterization of (controlled) self-organization and adaptivity that is motivated by the main objectives of the OC initiative. We present a system classification of robust, adaptable, and adaptive systems and define a degree of autonomy to be able to quantify how autonomously a system is working. The degree of autonomy distinguishes and measures external control that is exerted directly by the user (no autonomy) from internal control of a system which might be fully controlled by an observer/controller architecture that is part of the system (full autonomy). The quantitative degree of autonomy provides the basis for characterizing the notion of controlled self-organization. Furthermore, we discuss several alternatives for the design of organic systems.