An Object-Oriented Knowledge Representation for Spatial Information
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Hierarchical simplification of city models to maintain urban legibility
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Sketches
Legible Cities: Focus-Dependent Multi-Resolution Visualization of Urban Relationships
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
In-car gps navigation: engagement with and disengagement from the environment
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
In-car interaction using search-based user interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Learning-oriented vehicle navigation systems: a preliminary investigation in a driving simulator
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services
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Urban environments require cognitive abilities focused on both spatial overview and detailed understanding of uses and places. These abilities are distinct but overlap and reinforce each other. Our work quantitatively and qualitatively measures the effects on a user's overall understanding of the environment after navigating with either a GPS or a road map in a previously unknown neighborhood. Experimental recall of spatial and semantic information indicates that using a road map enables subjects to demonstrate a significantly better spatial understanding, identify semantic elements more often using common terms, place semantic elements in spatial locations with greater accuracy and recall semantic elements in tighter clusters than when using a GPS. We conclude that a spatial understanding is a necessary framework for organizing semantic information that is useful for inferred tasks.