Introduction to the cell multiprocessor
IBM Journal of Research and Development - POWER5 and packaging
Cell broadband engine architecture and its first implementation: a performance view
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Cell/B.E. blades: building blocks for scalable, real-time, interactive, and digital media servers
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Entering the petaflop era: the architecture and performance of Roadrunner
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing
Stencil computation optimization and auto-tuning on state-of-the-art multicore architectures
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing
Breaking the petaflops barrier
IBM Journal of Research and Development
directCell: hybrid systems with tightly coupled accelerators
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Breaking the petaflops barrier
IBM Journal of Research and Development
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The IBM BladeCenter® QS22 is a blade server that is based on two IBM PowerXCell™ 8i processors. This server is the successor of the QS21 server, which delivered excellent multicore Cell Broadband Engine® (Cell/B.E.) performance for workstation, server, and supercomputer customers. The IBM PowerXCell 8i processor represents a second generation of the Cell Broadband Engine Architecture. It significantly improves floating-point performance and allows for larger memory configurations. In this paper, we provide an overview of the architecture and design of this newer QS22 system and explain some of the design decisions. We discuss hardware and application performance, power efficiency, manageability, and configuration options, and how these factors affect hybrid system configurations. Finally, we briefly describe two hybrid system configurations that utilize the QS22 system. One configuration involves the Roadrunner system at Los Alamos National Laboratory, the first one-petaflops supercomputer in the world. The second configuration involves a hybrid system with a PCI Express® switch used for coupling.