A low-bandwidth network file system
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Efficient code distribution in wireless sensor networks
WSNA '03 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international conference on Wireless sensor networks and applications
TOSSIM: accurate and scalable simulation of entire TinyOS applications
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
The dynamic behavior of a data dissemination protocol for network programming at scale
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Contiki - A Lightweight and Flexible Operating System for Tiny Networked Sensors
LCN '04 Proceedings of the 29th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks
A dynamic operating system for sensor nodes
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
NSDI'05 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 2
Single versus multi-hop wireless reprogramming in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Testbeds and research infrastructures for the development of networks & communities
Exploiting similarity for multi-source downloads using file handprints
NSDI'07 Proceedings of the 4th USENIX conference on Networked systems design & implementation
FlexCup: a flexible and efficient code update mechanism for sensor networks
EWSN'06 Proceedings of the Third European conference on Wireless Sensor Networks
A component-based run-time evolution infrastructure for resource-constrained embedded systems
GPCE '10 Proceedings of the ninth international conference on Generative programming and component engineering
Page size optimization for code dissemination in wireless sensor networks
WASA'10 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Wireless algorithms, systems, and applications
Algorithms to Minimize Data Transfer for Code Update on Wireless Sensor Network
Journal of Signal Processing Systems
Science of Computer Programming
An efficient code update solution for wireless sensor network reprogramming
Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM International Conference on Embedded Software
SIREN: a feasible moving target defence framework for securing resource-constrained embedded nodes
International Journal of Critical Computer-Based Systems
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Wireless reprogramming of sensor nodes is an essential requirement for long-lived networks since the software functionality changes over time. The amount of information that needs to be wirelessly transmitted during reprogramming should be minimized since reprogramming time and energy depend chiefly on the amount of radio transmissions. In this paper, we present a multi-hop incremental reprogramming protocol called Zephyr that transfers the delta between the old and the new software and lets the sensor nodes rebuild the new software using the received delta and the old software. It reduces the delta size by using application-level modifications to mitigate the effects of function shifts. Then it compares the binary images at the byte-level with a novel method to create small delta, that is then sent over the wireless network to all the nodes. For a wide range of software change cases that we experimented with, we find that Zephyr transfers 1.83 to 1987 times less traffic through the network than Deluge, the standard reprogramming protocol for TinyOS, and 1.14 to 49 times less than an existing incremental reprogramming protocol by Jeong and Culler.