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SOSP '95 Proceedings of the fifteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Extensibility safety and performance in the SPIN operating system
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ASPLOS IX Proceedings of the ninth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Maté: a tiny virtual machine for sensor networks
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IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
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Virgil: objects on the head of a pin
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RETOS: resilient, expandable, and threaded operating system for wireless sensor networks
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SenQ: a scalable simulation and emulation environment for sensor networks
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Harbor: software-based memory protection for sensor nodes
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
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Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
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An efficient dynamic memory allocator for sensor operating systems
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ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
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Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
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Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Middleware for sensor networks
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ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC)
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WH '10 Wireless Health 2010
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Journal of Systems and Software
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Sensor network nodes exhibit characteristics of both embedded systems and general-purpose systems. They must use little energy and be robust to environmental conditions, while also providing common services that make it easy to write applications. In TinyOS, the current state of the art in sensor node operating systems, reusable components implement common services, but each node runs a single statically-linked system image, making it hard to run multiple applications or incrementally update applications. We present SOS, a new operating system for mote-class sensor nodes that takes a more dynamic point on the design spectrum. SOS consists of dynamically-loaded modules and a common kernel, which implements messaging, dynamic memory, and module loading and unloading, among other services. Modules are not processes: they are scheduled cooperatively and there is no memory protection. Nevertheless, the system protects against common module bugs using techniques such as typed entry points, watchdog timers, and primitive resource garbage collection. Individual modules can be added and removed with minimal system interruption. We describe SOS's design and implementation, discuss tradeoffs, and compare it with TinyOS and with the Maté virtual machine. Our evaluation shows that despite the dynamic nature of SOS and its higher-level kernel interface, its long term total usage nearly identical to that of systems such as Matè and TinyOS.