System architecture directions for networked sensors
ASPLOS IX Proceedings of the ninth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
SPINS: security protocols for sensor networks
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Programming Lego Mindstorms with Java with CD-ROM
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Wireless sensor networks for habitat monitoring
WSNA '02 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Wireless sensor networks and applications
Embedded Everywhere: A Research Agenda for Networked Systems of Embedded Computers
Embedded Everywhere: A Research Agenda for Networked Systems of Embedded Computers
Maté: a tiny virtual machine for sensor networks
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
The nesC language: A holistic approach to networked embedded systems
PLDI '03 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2003 conference on Programming language design and implementation
Efficient code distribution in wireless sensor networks
WSNA '03 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international conference on Wireless sensor networks and applications
Implementing software on resource-constrained mobile sensors: experiences with Impala and ZebraNet
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
The dynamic behavior of a data dissemination protocol for network programming at scale
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
ELF: an efficient log-structured flash file system for micro sensor nodes
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Contiki - A Lightweight and Flexible Operating System for Tiny Networked Sensors
LCN '04 Proceedings of the 29th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks
ScatterWeb - Low Power Sensor Nodes and Energy Aware Routing
HICSS '05 Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences - Volume 09
Design and implementation of a framework for efficient and programmable sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Mobile systems, applications and services
Design and implementation of a single system image operating system for ad hoc networks
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
A dynamic operating system for sensor nodes
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Rapid Development and Flexible Deployment of Adaptive Wireless Sensor Network Applications
ICDCS '05 Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
VMSTAR: synthesizing scalable runtime environments for sensor networks
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Towards a debugging system for sensor networks
International Journal of Network Management
Using virtual markets to program global behavior in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 11th workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop
Telos: enabling ultra-low power wireless research
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
MoteLab: a wireless sensor network testbed
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Protothreads: simplifying event-driven programming of memory-constrained embedded systems
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Programming sensor networks using abstract regions
NSDI'04 Proceedings of the 1st conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation - Volume 1
NSDI'05 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 2
FlexCup: a flexible and efficient code update mechanism for sensor networks
EWSN'06 Proceedings of the Third European conference on Wireless Sensor Networks
IEEE 802.15.4: a developing standard for low-power low-cost wireless personal area networks
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
DAViM: a dynamically adaptable virtual machine for sensor networks
Proceedings of the international workshop on Middleware for sensor networks
Protothreads: simplifying event-driven programming of memory-constrained embedded systems
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
RETOS: resilient, expandable, and threaded operating system for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Harbor: software-based memory protection for sensor nodes
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
NodeMD: diagnosing node-level faults in remote wireless sensor systems
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Mobile systems, applications and services
UCC: update-conscious compilation for energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming language design and implementation
A system for coarse grained memory protection in tiny embedded processors
Proceedings of the 44th annual Design Automation Conference
Kensho: a dynamic tasking architecture for sensor networks
ACM SIGBED Review - Special issue on the workshop on wireless sensor network architecture (April-2007)
Programming models for sensor networks: A survey
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
Molecule: An adaptive dynamic reconfiguration scheme for sensor operating systems
Computer Communications
Architecting reconfigurable component-based operating systems
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
Energy-aware compilation for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Middleware for sensor networks
Decoding Code on a Sensor Node
DCOSS '08 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE international conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems
SESAME-P: Memory Pool-Based Dynamic Stack Management for Sensor Operating Systems
DCOSS '08 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE international conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems
A Module Management Scheme for Dynamic Reconfiguration
ICCSA '08 Proceeding sof the international conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, Part I
Darjeeling, a Java compatible virtual machine for microcontrollers
Proceedings of the ACM/IFIP/USENIX Middleware '08 Conference Companion
Supporting lightweight adaptations in context-aware wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Context-Aware Middleware and Services: affiliated with the 4th International Conference on Communication System Software and Middleware (COMSWARE 2009)
MCP: An Energy-Efficient Code Distribution Protocol for Multi-Application WSNs
DCOSS '09 Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems
WiSeKit: A Distributed Middleware to Support Application-Level Adaptation in Sensor Networks
DAIS '09 Proceedings of the 9th IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference on Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems
Medium access controlfacing the reality of WSN deployments
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Wireless sensor network operating systems: a survey
International Journal of Sensor Networks
Minimal yet effective reconfiguration infrastructures in component-based embedded systems
Proceedings of the 2009 ESEC/FSE workshop on Software integration and evolution @ runtime
Towards update-conscious compilation for energy-efficient code dissemination in WSNs
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
Enabling large-scale storage in sensor networks with the Coffee file system
IPSN '09 Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks
Community sensor grids: virtualization for sharing across domains
Proceedings of the First Workshop on Virtualization in Mobile Computing
Proceedings of the 5th ACM symposium on QoS and security for wireless and mobile networks
TOSThreads: thread-safe and non-invasive preemption in TinyOS
Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
Darjeeling, a feature-rich VM for the resource poor
Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
A virtual machine-based approach for fast and flexible reprogramming of modular robots
ICRA'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Robotics and Automation
Efficient code diversification for network reprogramming in sensor networks
Proceedings of the third ACM conference on Wireless network security
An efficient code update scheme for DSP applications in mobile embedded systems
Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED 2010 conference on Languages, compilers, and tools for embedded systems
Experience with safe dynamic reconfigurations in component-based embedded systems
CBSE'07 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Component-based software engineering
Energy efficient program updating for sensor nodes with flash memory
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing
Escalation: complex event detection in wireless sensor networks
EuroSSC'07 Proceedings of the 2nd European conference on Smart sensing and context
FiGaRo: fine-grained software reconfiguration for wireless sensor networks
EWSN'08 Proceedings of the 5th European conference on Wireless sensor networks
TinyModules: code module exchange in TinyOS
INSS'09 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Networked sensing systems
Elon: enabling efficient and long-term reprogramming for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Improvement of energy consumption for "over-the-air" reprogramming in wireless sensor networks
ISWPC'10 Proceedings of the 5th IEEE international conference on Wireless pervasive computing
Enix: a lightweight dynamic operating system for tightly constrained wireless sensor platforms
Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
Interconnecting Smart Objects with IP: The Next Internet
Interconnecting Smart Objects with IP: The Next Internet
TeleScribe: a scalable, resumable wireless reprogramming approach
EMSOFT '10 Proceedings of the tenth ACM international conference on Embedded software
Nucleos: a runtime system for ultra-compact wireless sensor nodes
EMSOFT '10 Proceedings of the tenth ACM international conference on Embedded software
WH '10 Wireless Health 2010
Visibility levels: managing the trade off between visibility and resource consumption
REALWSN'10 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Real-world wireless sensor networks
uFlow: dynamic software updating in wireless sensor networks
UIC'11 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Ubiquitous intelligence and computing
Stateful mobile modules for sensor networks
DCOSS'10 Proceedings of the 6th IEEE international conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems
SenShare: transforming sensor networks into multi-application sensing infrastructures
EWSN'12 Proceedings of the 9th European conference on Wireless Sensor Networks
Enabling ultra-low power operation in high-end wireless sensor networks nodes
Proceedings of the eighth IEEE/ACM/IFIP international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis
Optimizing sensor network reprogramming via in situ reconfigurable components
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems
Managing software evolution in large-scale wireless sensor and actuator networks
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
Science of Computer Programming
SEC'13 Proceedings of the 22nd USENIX conference on Security
Elon: Enabling efficient and long-term reprogramming for wireless sensor networks
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
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From experience with wireless sensor networks it has become apparent that dynamic reprogramming of the sensor nodes is a useful feature. The resource constraints in terms of energy, memory, and processing power make sensor network reprogramming a challenging task. Many different mechanisms for reprogramming sensor nodes have been developed ranging from full image replacement to virtual machines.We have implemented an in-situ run-time dynamic linker and loader that use the standard ELF object file format. We show that run-time dynamic linking is an effective method for reprogramming even resource constrained wireless sensor nodes. To evaluate our dynamic linking mechanism we have implemented an application-specific virtual machine and a Java virtual machine and compare the energy cost of the different linking and execution models. We measure the energy consumption and execution time overhead on real hardware to quantify the energy costs for dynamic linkin.Our results suggest that while in general the overhead of a virtual machine is high, a combination of native code and virtual machine code provide good energy efficiency. Dynamic run-time linking can be used to update the native code, even in heterogeneous networks.