Efficient code distribution in wireless sensor networks
WSNA '03 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international conference on Wireless sensor networks and applications
Obfuscation of executable code to improve resistance to static disassembly
Proceedings of the 10th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
The dynamic behavior of a data dissemination protocol for network programming at scale
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
A dynamic operating system for sensor nodes
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
MNP: Multihop Network Reprogramming Service for Sensor Networks
ICDCS '05 Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
Control flow based obfuscation
Proceedings of the 5th ACM workshop on Digital rights management
Securing the deluge Network programming system
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Diversify sensor nodes to improve resilience against node compromise
Proceedings of the fourth ACM workshop on Security of ad hoc and sensor networks
Run-time dynamic linking for reprogramming wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Address obfuscation: an efficient approach to combat a board range of memory error exploits
SSYM'03 Proceedings of the 12th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 12
Towards self-propagate mal-packets in sensor networks
WiSec '08 Proceedings of the first ACM conference on Wireless network security
Secure and DoS-Resistant Code Dissemination in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Seluge
IPSN '08 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Improving sensor network immunity under worm attacks: a software diversity approach
Proceedings of the 9th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
Code injection attacks on harvard-architecture devices
Proceedings of the 15th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
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As sensors in a network are mostly homogeneous in software and hardware, a captured sensor can easily expose its code and data to attackers and further threaten the whole network. To increase the survivability of a sensor network, code diversification has been shown to be an effective solution. However, disseminating many diversified code images is very costly in current network reprogramming systems, as it does not take advantage of the epidemic propagation of network reprogramming. New mechanisms need to be studied for integrating code diversification with network reprogramming. This paper proposes an efficient code diversification scheme for network reprogramming in sensor networks. The scheme uses Deluge to disseminate code images of sensor applications that carry diversification information and allows sensors to randomize the layout of their own executables. Such diversification can defeat a wide range of attacks that exploit the knowledge of code layout, as no sensors have the same code layout in their executables. Except the cost determined by the code size, the computational overhead of diversification in sensors can be reduced to 60%, while sacrificing only 10% of security.