Pattern Recognition
A survey of thresholding techniques
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
Automatic thresholding of gray-level pictures using two-dimensional entropy
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
Learning internal representations by error propagation
Parallel distributed processing: explorations in the microstructure of cognition, vol. 1
Neural networks for pattern recognition
Neural networks for pattern recognition
Neural network design
Quantitative evaluation of color image segmentation results
Pattern Recognition Letters
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Normalized Cuts and Image Segmentation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Digital Image Processing
Multiresolution Color Image Segmentation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Constrained K-means Clustering with Background Knowledge
ICML '01 Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Machine Learning
Head-Pose Invariant Facial Expression Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Networks
ICMI '02 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces
A generalized feedforward neural network architecture for classification and regression
Neural Networks - 2003 Special issue: Advances in neural networks research — IJCNN'03
Unsupervised Fuzzy Clustering and Image Segmentation Using Weighted Neural Networks
ICIAP '03 Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing
A linear-time component-labeling algorithm using contour tracing technique
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Convolutional Face Finder: A Neural Architecture for Fast and Robust Face Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Image Thresholding Based on Spatially Weighted Fuzzy C-Means Clustering
CIT '04 Proceedings of the The Fourth International Conference on Computer and Information Technology
Classification with incomplete survey data: a Hopfield neural network approach
Computers and Operations Research
Elements of discrete mathematics (McGraw-Hill computer science series)
Elements of discrete mathematics (McGraw-Hill computer science series)
Advanced fuzzy cellular neural network: Application to CT liver images
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Cellular Neural Network Based Urinary Image Segmentation
ICNC '07 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Natural Computation - Volume 02
Breast MR segmentation and lesion detection with cellular neural networks and 3D template matching
Computers in Biology and Medicine
Backpropagation applied to handwritten zip code recognition
Neural Computation
Classification and Segmentation of Visual Patterns Based on Receptive and Inhibitory Fields
HIS '08 Proceedings of the 2008 8th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems
Dynamic Measurement of Computer Generated Image Segmentations
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine
A technique of three-level thresholding based on probability partition and fuzzy 3-partition
IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems
An adaptive neuro-fuzzy system for automatic image segmentation and edge detection
IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems
Self-organization for object extraction using a multilayer neural network and fuzziness measures
IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems
Image segmentation and analysis via multiscale gradient watershed hierarchies
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Classification of noisy signals using fuzzy ARTMAP neural networks
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Efficient training algorithms for a class of shunting inhibitory convolutional neural networks
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
A Convolutional Neural Network Approach for Objective Video Quality Assessment
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
A Pyramidal Neural Network For Visual Pattern Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Training feedforward networks with the Marquardt algorithm
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Fuzzy spectral clustering with robust spatial information for image segmentation
Applied Soft Computing
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Neural network based image segmentation techniques primarily focus on the selection of appropriate thresholding points in the image feature space. Research initiatives in this direction aim at addressing this problem of effective threshold selection for activation functions. Multilevel activation functions resort to fixed and uniform thresholding mechanisms. These functions assume homogeneity of the image information content. In this paper, we propose a collection of adaptive thresholding approaches to multilevel activation functions. The proposed thresholding mechanisms incorporate the image context information in the thresholding process. Applications of these mechanisms are demonstrated on the segmentation of real life multilevel intensity images using a self-supervised multilayer self-organizing neural network (MLSONN) and a supervised pyramidal neural network (PyraNet). We also present a bi-directional self-organizing neural network (BDSONN) architecture suitable for multilevel image segmentation. The architecture uses an embedded adaptive thresholding mechanism to a characteristic multilevel activation function. The segmentation efficiencies of the thresholding mechanisms evaluated using four unsupervised measures of merit, are reported for the three neural network architectures considered.