The precis of Project Ernestine or an overview of a validation of GOMS
CHI '92 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Predicting human interruptibility with sensors: a Wizard of Oz feasibility study
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Learning and reasoning about interruption
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Emotion recognition from physiological signals using wireless sensors for presence technologies
Cognition, Technology and Work
Assessing Cognitive Load with Physiological Sensors
HICSS '05 Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences - Volume 09
ACM SIGCHI Bulletin
Towards an index of opportunity: understanding changes in mental workload during task execution
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Galvanic skin response (GSR) as an index of cognitive load
CHI '07 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Technology-mediated interruption management
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Detecting stress during real-world driving tasks using physiological sensors
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
A comparison of four methods for cognitive load measurement
Proceedings of the 23rd Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference
Route guidance modality for elder driver navigation
Pervasive'12 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Pervasive Computing
FlyingBuddy2: a brain-controlled assistant for the handicapped
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Conference on Ubiquitous Computing
The role of subliminal perception in vehicular interfaces
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Conference on Ubiquitous Computing
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications
Using galvanic skin response for cognitive load measurement in arithmetic and reading tasks
Proceedings of the 24th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference
Automatic and continuous user task analysis via eye activity
Proceedings of the 2013 international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Automatic classification of eye activity for cognitive load measurement with emotion interference
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
Detecting cocaine use with wearable electrocardiogram sensors
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM international joint conference on Pervasive and ubiquitous computing
Predicting audience responses to movie content from electro-dermal activity signals
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM international joint conference on Pervasive and ubiquitous computing
Improving reminiscence therapy through active brainwave analysis
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Rehabilitation Engineering & Assistive Technology
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With a focus on presenting information at the right time, the ubicomp community can benefit greatly from learning the most salient human measures of cognitive load. Cognitive load can be used as a metric to determine when or whether to interrupt a user. In this paper, we collected data from multiple sensors and compared their ability to assess cognitive load. Our focus is on visual perception and cognitive speed-focused tasks that leverage cognitive abilities common in ubicomp applications. We found that across all participants, the electrocardiogram median absolute deviation and median heat flux measurements were the most accurate at distinguishing between low and high levels of cognitive load, providing a classification accuracy of over 80% when used together. Our contribution is a real-time, objective, and generalizable method for assessing cognitive load in cognitive tasks commonly found in ubicomp systems and situations of divided attention.