The macroscopic behavior of the TCP congestion avoidance algorithm
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
A comparison of mechanisms for improving TCP performance over wireless links
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Performance of ARQ Go-Back-N protocol in Markov channels with unreliable feedback
Mobile Networks and Applications
Modeling TCP Reno performance: a simple model and its empirical validation
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
A Markov-based channel model algorithm for wireless networks
Wireless Networks
Variability in TCP round-trip times
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Analysis of link-level hybrid FEC/ARQ-SR for wireless links and long-lived TCP traffic
Performance Evaluation - Selected papers from the first workshop on modeling and optimization in mobile, ad hoc and wireless networks (WiOpt'2003)
Measuring the evolution of transport protocols in the internet
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Optimal Design of Hybrid FEC/ARQ Schemes for TCP over Wireless Links with Rayleigh Fading
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Data and Computer Communications (8th Edition)
Data and Computer Communications (8th Edition)
Cross-layer modeling of TCP SACK performance over wireless channels with completely reliable ARQ/FEC
WWIC'08 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Wired/wireless internet communications
State description of wireless channels using change-point statistical tests
WWIC'06 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Wired/Wireless Internet Communications
Simple, accurate and computationally efficient wireless channel modeling algorithm
WWIC'05 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Wired/Wireless Internet Communications
TCP in wireless environments: problems and solutions
IEEE Communications Magazine
Capturing important statistics of a fading/shadowing channel for network performance analysis
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Fluid analysis of delay and packet discard performance for QoS support in wireless networks
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
A study of TCP performance in wireless environment using fixed-point approximation
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
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Providing reliable data communications over wireless channels is a challenging task because time-varying wireless channel characteristics often lead to bit errors. These errors result in loss of IP packets and, consequently, TCP segments encapsulated into these packets. Since TCP cannot distinguish packet losses due to bit corruption from those due to network congestion, any packet loss caused by wireless channel impairments leads to unnecessary execution of the TCP congestion control algorithms and, hence, sub-optimal performance. Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) and Forward Error Correction (FEC) try to improve communication reliability and reduce packet losses by detecting and recovering corrupted bits. Most analytical models that studied the effect of ARQ and FEC on TCP performance assumed that the ARQ scheme is perfectly persistent (i.e., completely reliable), thus a frame is always successfully transmitted irrespective of the number of transmission attempts it takes. In this paper, we develop an analytical cross-layer model for a TCP connection running over a wireless channel with a semi-reliable ARQ scheme, where the amount of transmission attempts is limited by some number. The model allows to evaluate the joint effect of stochastic properties of the wireless channel characteristics and various implementation-specific parameters on TCP performance, which makes it suitable for performance optimization studies. The input parameters include the bit error rate, the value of the normalized autocorrelation function of bit error observations at lag 1, the strength of the FEC code, the persistency of ARQ, the size of protocol data units at different layers, the raw data rate of the wireless channel, and the bottleneck link buffer size.