Of moles and men: the design of foot controls for workstations
CHI '86 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The andantephone: a musical instrument that you play by simply walking
MULTIMEDIA '06 Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Communications of the ACM - Organic user interfaces
Touch Is Everywhere: Floor Surfaces as Ambient Haptic Interfaces
IEEE Transactions on Haptics
Interaction capture in immersive virtual environments via an intelligent floor surface
VR '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference
Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Tangible, embedded, and embodied interaction
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The andantephone is an instrument that allows a performed to physically step through a piece of music by walking. Each note or chord of the piece is assigned to one footstep, so expressively varying velocity varies the tempo in turn. A new, more flexible design of andantephone was created for use in a new composition, using an array of tiles sensitive to geophonic seismic waves from footsteps. This user-interface was combined with a real-time frequency shifterbank which shifted the geophonic vibrations of human feet to the frequencies of the musical notes and chords of the composition. Matrix multiplication in the shifterbank allowed chords from various tiles to be expressively layered together depending on the geophonic sounds coming from any number of tiles being stepped on at a time. Moreover, the new shifterbank adjusted its tuning dynamically (according to the composition) as the performer cycled around the track, creating a responsive multitouch landscape that unraveled around the track ahead of and behind the performer. The shifterbank output was also interfaced to a pipe organ, via FLUIDI, using the organ as an additional sounding device. A new andantephone tile configuration led to advantages over previous configurations, including less off-track radial acceleration required to change tempo, and the ability to multiplex between different types of vertex turns, which was found to improve spatial orientation when performing.