The Edge Hamiltonian Path Problem is NP-complete for bipartite graphs
Information Processing Letters
A Combinatorial Problem Which Is Complete in Polynomial Space
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness
Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness
Playing Games with Algorithms: Algorithmic Combinatorial Game Theory
MFCS '01 Proceedings of the 26th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science
Games, Puzzles, and Computation
Games, Puzzles, and Computation
Solving tantrix via integer programming
FUN'12 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Fun with Algorithms
On the complexity of trick-taking card games
IJCAI'13 Proceedings of the Twenty-Third international joint conference on Artificial Intelligence
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UNO® is one of the world-wide well-known and popular card games. We investigate UNO from the viewpoint of combinatorial algorithmic game theory by giving some simple and concise mathematical models for it. They include cooperative and uncooperative versions of UNO, for example. As a result of analyzing their computational complexities, we prove that even a single-player version of UNO is NP-complete, while it becomes in P in some restricted cases. We also show that uncooperative two-player's version is PSPACE-complete.