Nonlinear equivalence of stream ciphers

  • Authors:
  • Sondre Rønjom;Carlos Cid

  • Affiliations:
  • Crypto Technology Group, Norwegian National Security Authority, Bærum, Norway;Information Security Group, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, United Kingdom

  • Venue:
  • FSE'10 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Fast software encryption
  • Year:
  • 2010

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Abstract

In this paper we investigate nonlinear equivalence of stream ciphers over a finite field, exemplified by the pure LFSR-based filter generator over F2. We define a nonlinear equivalence class consisting of filter generators of length n that generate a binary keystream of period dividing 2n-1, and investigate certain cryptographic properties of the ciphers in this class. We show that a number of important cryptographic properties, such as algebraic immunity and nonlinearity, are not invariant among elements of the same equivalence class. It follows that analysis of cipher-components in isolation presents some limitations, as it most often involves investigating cryptographic properties that vary among equivalent ciphers. Thus in order to assess the resistance of a cipher against a certain type of attack, one should in theory determine the weakest equivalent cipher and not only a particular instance. This is however likely to be a very difficult task, when we consider the size of the equivalence class for ciphers used in practice; therefore assessing the exact cryptographic properties of a cipher appears to be notoriously difficult.