Managerial influence in the implementation of new technology
Management Science
Human aspects of computer-aided design
Human aspects of computer-aided design
Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology
Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology
Designing engineers
Task-technology fit and individual performance
MIS Quarterly
The sciences of the artificial (3rd ed.)
The sciences of the artificial (3rd ed.)
Information Systems Research
The Impact of Information Technology on Coordination: Evidence From the B-2
Organization Science
From Organization Design to Organization Designing
Organization Science
Examining Trust in Information Technology Artifacts: The Effects of System Quality and Culture
Journal of Management Information Systems
Visualization's new tack: making sense of information
IEEE Spectrum
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The design and creation of anything innovative requires knowledge creation, which in turn often depends upon the introduction of innovative information technology (IT). Since design-related practices are deeply integrated with particular IT artifacts, it is no trivial task to migrate practice-based knowledge to unfamiliar IT artifacts. To explore the challenges associated with such migration, we develop the concept of embeddedness of IT artifacts by drawing on research that highlights the critical role of representational artifacts in knowledge, design, and distributed cognition. We then inductively analyze interview data from an in-depth case study of Frank Gehry, a world-renowned and radically innovative architect known for his use of sophisticated 3D computer-aided design (CAD) technology. By studying construction firms' transition from 2D CAD to 3D CAD, we identify four relevant themes associated with embedding new artifacts into knowledge-creating practice: (1) motivating the new artifact; (2) anchoring the new artifact in the old; (3) experimenting with the new artifact; and (4) confidence in using the new artifact. Through the generation of a process theory of embedding, we elaborate on how this perspective complements and extends research on IT adaptation and assimilation, and discuss the relevance of continuing to develop the IT embeddedness perspective given the continuing need for increased levels of IT-enabled innovation.