A Stochastic Approach to Content Adaptive Digital Image Watermarking
IH '99 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Information Hiding
Digital Watermarking and Steganography
Digital Watermarking and Steganography
A statistical-mechanics approach to large-system analysis of CDMA multiuser detectors
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
A DSP-based DS-CDMA multiuser receiver employing partial parallel interference cancellation
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Adaptive multistage parallel interference cancellation for CDMA
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Novel blind multiple watermarking technique for images
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
On multiwatermarking in cloud environment
Concurrency and Computation: Practice & Experience
Coded spread spectrum watermarking scheme
IWDW'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Digital Forensics and Watermaking
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We formulated a Bayes optimum watermarking decoder and derived sub-optimum decoding algorithms for spread spectrum digital image watermarking. The optimum decoder can be obtained by considering the posterior probability under the Gaussian assumption for noise and attacks. The amount of calculation for the decoder is NP-hard. We, therefore, need to derive sub-optimum decoding algorithms in order to decode the watermarks. The proposed decoders are multiple watermark decoders that estimate multiple watermarks at the same time. These methods are based on the multi-stage demodulation method and the partial interference cancellation method, which are two CDMA multiuser demodulation methods. We applied them to the digital watermarking scheme. When the original image is blind, the image itself is regarded as noise. We, therefore, evaluated bit error rates both for cases when the original image is informed and blind. As a result, we found both the multi-stage watermark decoder and the partial interference cancellation decoder were effective for watermarking. The latter performed better than the former.