Vertex sparsifiers: new results from old techniques

  • Authors:
  • Matthias Englert;Anupam Gupta;Robert Krauthgamer;Harald Räcke;Inbal Talgam-Cohen;Kunal Talwar

  • Affiliations:
  • Department of Computer Science and DIMAP, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK;Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA;Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel;Department of Computer Science and DIMAP, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK;Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel;Microsoft Research Silicon Valley, Mountain View, CA

  • Venue:
  • APPROX/RANDOM'10 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Approximation, and 14 the International conference on Randomization, and combinatorial optimization: algorithms and techniques
  • Year:
  • 2010

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Abstract

Given a capacitated graph G = (V, E) and a set of terminals K ⊆ V, how should we produce a graph H only on the terminals K so that every (multicommodity) flow between the terminals in G could be supported in H with low congestion, and vice versa? (Such a graph H is called a flow-sparsifier for G.) What if we want H to be a "simple" graph? What if we allow H to be a convex combination of simple graphs? Improving on results of Moitra [FOCS 2009] and Leighton and Moitra [STOC 2010], we give efficient algorithms for constructing: (a) a flow-sparsifier H that maintains congestion up to a factor ofO(log k/log log k) where k = |K|. (b) a convex combination of trees over the terminals K that maintains congestion up to a factor of O(log k). (c) for a planar graph G, a convex combination of planar graphs that maintains congestion up to a constant factor. This requires us to give a new algorithm for the 0-extension problem, the first one in which the preimages of each terminal are connected in G. Moreover, this result extends to minor-closed families of graphs. Our bounds immediately imply improved approximation guarantees for several terminal-based cut and ordering problems.