Emotional meaning and expression in animated faces
Affective interactions
Catch me if you can: exploring lying agents in social settings
Proceedings of the fourth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
Model of Facial Expressions Management for an Embodied Conversational Agent
ACII '07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
Are you friendly or just polite? - analysis of smiles in spontaneous face-to-face interactions
ACII'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Affective computing and intelligent interaction - Volume Part I
Model of the perception of smiling virtual character
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 1
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A smile may communicate different meanings depending on subtle characteristics of the facial expression. In this article, we have studied the morphological and dynamic characteristics of amused, polite, and embarrassed smiles displayed by a virtual agent. A web application has been developed to collect virtual agent's smile descriptions corpus directly constructed by users. Based on the corpora and using a decision tree classification technique, we propose an algorithm to determine the characteristics of each type of the smile that a virtual agent may express. The proposed algorithm enables one to generate a variety of facial expressions corresponding to the polite, embarrassed, and amused smiles.