CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
Human conversation as a system framework: designing embodied conversational agents
Embodied conversational agents
Speech dialogue with facial displays: multimodal human-computer conversation
ACL '94 Proceedings of the 32nd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
QuickWoZ: a multi-purpose wizard-of-oz framework for experiments with embodied conversational agents
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
A review of personality in voice-based man machine interaction
HCII'11 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Human-computer interaction: interaction techniques and environments - Volume Part II
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Endowing embodied conversational agent with personality affords more natural modalities for their interaction with human interlocutors. To bridge the personality gap between users and agents, we designed minimal two personalities for corresponding agents i.e. an introverted and an extroverted agent. Each features a combination of different verbal and non-verbal behaviors. In this paper, we present an examination of the effects of the speaking and behavior styles of the two agents and explore the resulting design factors pertinent for spoken dialogue systems. The results indicate that users prefer the extroverted agent to the introverted one. The personality traits of the agents influence the users' preferences, dialogues, and behavior. Statistically, it is highly significant that users are more talkative with the extroverted agent. We also investigate the spontaneous speech disfluency of the dialogues and demonstrate that the extroverted behavior model reduce the user's speech disfluency. Furthermore, users having different mental models behave differently with the agents. The results and findings show that the minimal personalities of agents maximally influence the interlocutors' behaviors.