Timing-sync protocol for sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
The flooding time synchronization protocol
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts
OSDI '02 Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementationCopyright restrictions prevent ACM from being able to make the PDFs for this conference available for downloading
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
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A sender-receiver paradigm, in which a master and slave node exchange timing packets to estimate the clock offsets of the slave node and other nodes located in the common broadcast region of master and slave nodes, is adopted herein for synchronizing the clocks of individual nodes in a wireless sensor network (WSN). The maximum likelihood estimate of the clock offset of the listening node hearing the broadcasts from both the master and slave nodes was derived in [1] assuming symmetric exponential link delays. This paper advances those results in two directions. First, some improved estimators, each being optimal in its own class, are derived for the clock offset of the listening node and mean link delays. Second, the results are generalized by addressing the more realistic problem of clock offset estimation under asymmetric exponential delays. The results presented in this paper are important for time synchronization of WSNs, where these techniques can be utilized to achieve accurate clock estimates with reduced power consumption.