COLT '92 Proceedings of the fifth annual workshop on Computational learning theory
Improving Generalization with Active Learning
Machine Learning - Special issue on structured connectionist systems
A maximum entropy approach to natural language processing
Computational Linguistics
Solving the multiple instance problem with axis-parallel rectangles
Artificial Intelligence
Selective Sampling Using the Query by Committee Algorithm
Machine Learning
Combining labeled and unlabeled data with co-training
COLT' 98 Proceedings of the eleventh annual conference on Computational learning theory
Content-Based Image Retrieval at the End of the Early Years
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Support vector machine active learning for image retrieval
MULTIMEDIA '01 Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on Multimedia
Machine Learning
Machine Learning
Toward Optimal Active Learning through Sampling Estimation of Error Reduction
ICML '01 Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Machine Learning
Active + Semi-supervised Learning = Robust Multi-View Learning
ICML '02 Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Conference on Machine Learning
Multiple-Instance Learning for Natural Scene Classification
ICML '98 Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Machine Learning
Support Vector Machine Active Learning with Application sto Text Classification
ICML '00 Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Machine Learning
Automatically Labeling Video Data Using Multi-class Active Learning
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Labeling images with a computer game
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Active learning using pre-clustering
ICML '04 Proceedings of the twenty-first international conference on Machine learning
Mean version space: a new active learning method for content-based image retrieval
Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGMM international workshop on Multimedia information retrieval
Multimodal concept-dependent active learning for image retrieval
Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
On the detection of semantic concepts at TRECVID
Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
A comparison of active classification methods for content-based image retrieval
Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on Computer vision meets databases
A Semi-Supervised Active Learning Framework for Image Retrieval
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 2 - Volume 02
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Semi-automatic video annotation based on active learning with multiple complementary predictors
Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGMM international workshop on Multimedia information retrieval
Peekaboom: a game for locating objects in images
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Batch mode active learning and its application to medical image classification
ICML '06 Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Machine learning
Concept boundary detection for speeding up SVMs
ICML '06 Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Machine learning
Video Annotation by Active Learning and Cluster Tuning
CVPRW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop
Active learning in very large databases
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Correlative multi-label video annotation
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Multimedia
A dual coordinate descent method for large-scale linear SVM
Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Machine learning
On multi-view active learning and the combination with semi-supervised learning
Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Machine learning
Real-Time Computerized Annotation of Pictures
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Online multi-label active annotation: towards large-scale content-based video search
MM '08 Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Towards Scalable Dataset Construction: An Active Learning Approach
ECCV '08 Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Computer Vision: Part I
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Active learning with statistical models
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Locally non-negative linear structure learning for interactive image retrieval
MM '09 Proceedings of the 17th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Unified video annotation via multigraph learning
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Beyond distance measurement: constructing neighborhood similarity for video annotation
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia - Special section on communities and media computing
Multi-view multi-label active learning for image classification
ICME'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Multimedia and Expo
Multiple kernel active learning for image classification
ICME'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Multimedia and Expo
Semi-Supervised Learning
Leveraging active learning for relevance feedback using an information theoretic diversity measure
CIVR'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Image and Video Retrieval
Relevance feedback: a power tool for interactive content-based image retrieval
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
RoboGene: an image retrieval system with multi-level log-based relevance feedback scheme
MMM'11 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Advances in multimedia modeling - Volume Part II
Query difficulty guided image retrieval system
MMM'11 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Advances in multimedia modeling - Volume Part II
ShotTagger: tag location for internet videos
Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval
Locally regressive G-optimal design for image retrieval
Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval
VisionGo: Towards video retrieval with joint exploration of human and computer
Information Sciences: an International Journal
KES'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Knowledge-based and intelligent information and engineering systems - Volume Part IV
A pseudo relevance feedback based cross domain video concept detection
Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service
Videoader: a video advertising system based on intelligent analysis of visual content
Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service
Action retrieval with relevance feedback on YouTube videos
Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service
Tag-based social image search with visual-text joint hypergraph learning
MM '11 Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Integrating rich information for video recommendation with multi-task rank aggregation
MM '11 Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Learning heterogeneous data for hierarchical web video classification
MM '11 Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Intelligent photo clustering with user interaction and distance metric learning
Pattern Recognition Letters
k-Partite graph reinforcement and its application in multimedia information retrieval
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Assistive tagging: A survey of multimedia tagging with human-computer joint exploration
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
In-video product annotation with web information mining
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Active SVM-based relevance feedback using multiple classifiers ensemble and features reweighting
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Measuring the Visual Complexities of Web Pages
ACM Transactions on the Web (TWEB)
Multimedia encyclopedia construction by mining web knowledge
Signal Processing
Literature survey of active learning in multimedia annotation and retrieval
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service
Advertising object in web videos
Neurocomputing
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Active learning is a machine learning technique that selects the most informative samples for labeling and uses them as training data. It has been widely explored in multimedia research community for its capability of reducing human annotation effort. In this article, we provide a survey on the efforts of leveraging active learning in multimedia annotation and retrieval. We mainly focus on two application domains: image/video annotation and content-based image retrieval. We first briefly introduce the principle of active learning and then we analyze the sample selection criteria. We categorize the existing sample selection strategies used in multimedia annotation and retrieval into five criteria: risk reduction, uncertainty, diversity, density and relevance. We then introduce several classification models used in active learning-based multimedia annotation and retrieval, including semi-supervised learning, multilabel learning and multiple instance learning. We also provide a discussion on several future trends in this research direction. In particular, we discuss cost analysis of human annotation and large-scale interactive multimedia annotation.