The grand tour: a tool for viewing multidimensional data
SIAM Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing
Using aggregation and dynamic queries for exploring large data sets
CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Designing Pixel-Oriented Visualization Techniques: Theory and Applications
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Information Visualization and Visual Data Mining
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Polaris: A System for Query, Analysis, and Visualization of Multidimensional Relational Databases
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
MRTG: The Multi Router Traffic Grapher
LISA '98 Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Systems Administration
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
A Scalable Framework for Information Visualization
INFOVIS '00 Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Vizualization 2000
Architectural styles and the design of network-based software architectures
Architectural styles and the design of network-based software architectures
Parallel coordinates: a tool for visualizing multi-dimensional geometry
VIS '90 Proceedings of the 1st conference on Visualization '90
Extensible, Scalable Monitoring for Clusters of Computers
LISA '97 Proceedings of the 11th USENIX conference on System administration
Scalable Pixel-based Visual Interfaces: Challenges and Solutions
IV '06 Proceedings of the conference on Information Visualization
An automated approach for the optimization of pixel-based visualizations
Information Visualization
OVIS: a tool for intelligent, real-time monitoring of computational clusters
IPDPS'06 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Parallel and distributed processing
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Monitoring systems are necessary for the management of anything beyond the smallest networks of computers. While specialised monitoring systems can be deployed to detect specific problems, more general systems are required to detect unexpected issues, and track performance trends. While large fleets of computers are becoming more common, few existing, general monitoring systems have the capability to scale to monitor these very large networks. There is also an absence of systems in the literature that cater for visualisation of monitoring information on a large scale. Scale is an issue in both the design and presentation of large-scale monitoring systems. We discuss Panopticon, a monitoring system that we have developed, which can scale to monitor tens of thousands of nodes, using only commodity equipment. In addition, we propose a novel method for visualising monitoring information on a large scale, based on general techniques for visualising massive multi-dimensional datasets. The monitoring system is shown to be able to collect information from up to 100 000 nodes. The storage system is able to record and output information from up to 25 000 nodes, and the visualisation is able to simultaneously display all this information for up to 20 000 nodes. Optimisations to our storage system could allow it to scale a little further, but a distributed storage approach combined with intelligent filtering algorithms would be necessary for significant improvements in scalability.