PortLand: a scalable fault-tolerant layer 2 data center network fabric
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2009 conference on Data communication
VL2: a scalable and flexible data center network
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2009 conference on Data communication
YouTube traffic dynamics and its interplay with a tier-1 ISP: an ISP perspective
IMC '10 Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Proceedings of the 2011 International Workshop on Modeling, Analysis, and Control of Complex Networks
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Cloud services are radically changing the way we access the information from the Internet and how the "digital goods" are delivered to users. To enable such services, large scale data centers are deployed at various geographical locations, and the contents are replicated at multiple locations to achieve better availability and reliability. However, it is not clear given these multiple data centers how content providers place the content and how a user query is served from the cloud. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive, yet simple and intuitive, approach that can be employed to understand the data center driven content distribution using active measurements. Additionally, applying this method on YouTube, we find that YouTube uses data-centers in more than 50 locations, and that it employs an interesting "3-step" approach to deliver videos to clients in a location-aware manner.