Mental models: towards a cognitive science of language, inference, and consciousness
Mental models: towards a cognitive science of language, inference, and consciousness
An Ontological Model of an Information System
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Enabling technology for knowledge sharing
AI Magazine
A translation approach to portable ontology specifications
Knowledge Acquisition - Special issue: Current issues in knowledge modeling
OPEN modeling language (OML) reference manual
OPEN modeling language (OML) reference manual
The object constraint language: precise modeling with UML
The object constraint language: precise modeling with UML
Open modeling with UML
GOL: toward an axiomatized upper-level ontology
Proceedings of the international conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems - Volume 2001
Understanding ontological engineering
Communications of the ACM - Supporting community and building social capital
Supporting ontological analysis of taxonomic relationships
Data & Knowledge Engineering - ER2000
An ontological approach to domain engineering
SEKE '02 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Software engineering and knowledge engineering
OPEN: Toward method convergence?
Computer
Rearchitecting the UML infrastructure
ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation (TOMACS)
Metamodeling in EIA/CDIF---meta-metamodel and metamodels
ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation (TOMACS)
Supporting and Applying the UML Conceptual Framework
«UML» '98 Selected papers from the First International Workshop on The Unified Modeling Language «UML»'98: Beyond the Notation
Facilitating Open Communication in Agent Systems: The InfoSleuth Infrastructure
ATAL '97 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Intelligent Agents IV, Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages
Ontologies: A Silver Bullet for Knowledge Management and Electronic Commerce
Ontologies: A Silver Bullet for Knowledge Management and Electronic Commerce
Model-Driven Development: A Metamodeling Foundation
IEEE Software
IEEE Software
Method engineering for OO systems development
Communications of the ACM - Service-oriented computing
Tools for an Extended Object Modelling Environment
ICECCS '05 Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems
Business Systems Analysis with Ontologies
Business Systems Analysis with Ontologies
Ontologies for Software Engineering and Software Technology
Ontologies for Software Engineering and Software Technology
Modelling software development methodologies: A conceptual foundation
Journal of Systems and Software
MOBMAS: A methodology for ontology-based multi-agent systems development
Information and Software Technology
Ontology-Based Software Engineering- Software Engineering 2.0
ASWEC '08 Proceedings of the 19th Australian Conference on Software Engineering
Applied Ontology
Applied Ontology
An Upper Level Ontological Model for Engineering Design Performance Domain
ER '08 Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling
Metamodelling for Software Engineering
Metamodelling for Software Engineering
On Ontology, ontologies, Conceptualizations, Modeling Languages, and (Meta)Models
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Databases and Information Systems IV: Selected Papers from the Seventh International Baltic Conference DB&IS'2006
On the Challenges of Correctly Using Metamodels in Software Engineering
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on New Trends in Software Methodologies, Tools and Techniques: Proceedings of the sixth SoMeT_07
MODELS '09 Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems
3rd international workshop on metamodels, schemas, grammars and ontologies
MoDELS'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Models in software engineering
A unified ontology-based process model for software maintenance and comprehension
MoDELS'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Models in software engineering
Foundations of ontology-based MAS methodologies
AOIS'05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Agent-Oriented Information Systems III
Ontological metamodeling with explicit instantiation
SLE'09 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Software Language Engineering
Developing and evaluating a generic metamodel for MAS work products
Software Engineering for Multi-Agent Systems IV
Preliminary basis for an ontology-based methodological approach for multi-agent systems
ER'05 Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Perspectives in Conceptual Modeling
MODELS'07 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems
Experimental evaluation of an ontology-driven enterprise modeling language
ER'11 Proceedings of the 30th international conference on Advances in conceptual modeling: recent developments and new directions
Guidance for domain specific modeling in small and medium enterprises
Proceedings of the compilation of the co-located workshops on DSM'11, TMC'11, AGERE!'11, AOOPES'11, NEAT'11, & VMIL'11
Domain specific language for the generation of learning management systems modules
Journal of Web Engineering
Supporting software language engineering by automated domain knowledge acquisition
MODELS'11 Proceedings of the 2011th international conference on Models in Software Engineering
Interoperability of software engineering metamodels
MODELS'11 Proceedings of the 2011th international conference on Models in Software Engineering
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies
Semantics and reasoning for control application engineering models
ICAISC'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing - Volume Part I
Semantics enhanced engineering and model reasoning for control application development
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Journal of Systems and Software
WEON: towards a software ecosystem ONtology
Proceedings of the 2013 International Workshop on Ecosystem Architectures
On the search for a level-agnostic modelling language
CAiSE'13 Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering
Automated construction of a large semantic network of related terms for domain-specific modeling
CAiSE'13 Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering
Automatic data transformation: breaching the walled gardens of social network platforms
APCCM '13 Proceedings of the Ninth Asia-Pacific Conference on Conceptual Modelling - Volume 143
Ontological and linguistic metamodelling revisited: A language use approach
Information and Software Technology
An ontology for ISO software engineering standards: 1) Creating the infrastructure
Computer Standards & Interfaces
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Over the last several years, metamodels and ontologies have been developed in parallel isolation. Ontological thinking, largely from the research field of artificial intelligence, has been increasingly investigated by software engineering researchers, more familiar with the idea of a metamodel. Here, we investigate the literature on both metamodelling and ontologies in order to identify ways in which they can be made compatible and linked in such a way as to benefit both communities and create a contribution to a coherent underpinning theory for software engineering. Analysis of a large number of theoretical and semi-theoretical approaches using as a framework a multi-level modelling construct identifies strengths, weaknesses, incompatibilities and inconsistencies within the extant literature. A metamodel deals with conceptual definitions while an ontology deals with real-world descriptors of business entities and is thus better named ''domain ontology''. A specific kind of ontology (foundational or high-level) provides ''metalevel'' concepts for the domain ontologies. In other words, a foundational ontology may be used at the same abstraction level as a metamodel and a domain ontology at the same abstraction level as a (design) model, with each pair linked via an appropriate semantic mapping.