The Knowledge Engineering Review
Hybrid approach to user intention modeling for dialog simulation
ACLShort '09 Proceedings of the ACL-IJCNLP 2009 Conference Short Papers
SIGDIAL '09 Proceedings of the SIGDIAL 2009 Conference: The 10th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue
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Statistical user simulation is a promising methodology to train and evaluate the performance of (spoken) dialog systems. We work with a modular architecture for data-driven simulation where the "intentional" component of user simulation includes a User Model representing user-specific features. We train a dialog simulator that combines traits of human behavior such as cooperativeness and context with domain-related aspects via the Expectation-Maximization algorithm. We show that cooperativeness provides a finer representation of the dialog context which directly affects task completion rate.